Where do jumping beans live? Detailed answer

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Where do jumping beans live? Detailed answer

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Where do jumping beans live?

Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiania grow seeds - jumping beans. Inside these beans lays the larvae of a moth of the species Cydia deshaisiana. After hatching from the egg, the larva eats the inside of the bean and creates an empty space for itself inside it, then attaching itself to the bean with many silk threads.

If the bean is exposed to heat - for example, a sunbeam shines on it or someone takes it in hand - then it begins to "jump". This is caused by the fact that the larvae begin to pull on the threads - moving the bean, they try to get away from the heat source, which can lead to dehydration and kill them.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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The first molecular car races 10.04.2017

Toulouse (France) will host the first international race of nanomachines, which will be attended by teams from six countries - Austria, Germany, France, Switzerland, Japan and the United States.

Molecular machines are constructions of molecules capable of performing simple mechanical operations under human control. Nanomachines are usually controlled by electric current, heat, and light. For example, for the upcoming races, molecules will be used that can move on the surface of a round gold substrate under the influence of an electric current.

Each of the teams will receive a separate sector for their car, and control will be carried out using a scanning tunneling microscope. The movement of nanomachines over the surface will occur due to the energy of electrons transferred to the molecule from the tip of the needle under tension. It is forbidden to influence molecules mechanically. The team that covers the maximum distance will be the winner.

The race track will get a fairly simple configuration: a 20nm straight, then a 45-degree turn, a 50nm straight, a 45-degree turn again, and a 20nm finish line. The duration of the competition is 38 hours. Interestingly, in the event of a nanoaccident, the molecular machine can be replaced, but the needle of a scanning tunneling microscope cannot be changed.

The design of nanomachines varies from team to team. For example, the French developed a flat elongated car with four "wheels", the Swiss team made a "hovercraft" vehicle, and the Germans built an entire nanomechanism of four hydrogen-bonded molecules. The races will take place in the laboratory of the Center for Materials and Structural Research (CNRS).

You can follow the competition of molecular machines on the CNRS website or on the official Youtube channel. Races will start on April 28 at noon sharp.

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