What is the total mass content in the earth's crust of the rarest chemical element? Detailed answer

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What is the total mass content in the earth's crust of the rarest chemical element? Detailed answer

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What is the total mass of the content in the earth's crust of the rarest chemical element?

The radioactive chemical element astatine is the rarest element found in nature. If you sum up the content of astatine in the earth's crust at any given time, you get no more than one gram. But this number will be almost the same, since the rate of formation of astatine radionuclides, which are part of the radioactive series of uranium, is constant and equal to the rate of their decay.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Where did the British fight the French during World War II?

After the armistice between France and Germany in 1940, Great Britain feared that the French fleet would fall under the control of the Germans, which could radically change the balance of power in the maritime theater of operations. On July 3, the British formation "H" approached the base of Mers-el-Kebir in Algiers, where part of the French Atlantic squadron had already begun to demobilize, and put forward an ultimatum. Among the options offered was to join the British fleet, either sail to American ports or simply scuttle the ships, but the French chose to take the fight. As a result, their losses amounted to about 1300 people and several ships, while the British lost only two pilots. In the future, the French sailors did not allow the transfer of the fleet to the Germans - for example, in 1942 they sank 77 ships while trying to capture them in the port of Toulon.

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The new analogue of GPS will not need satellites 22.07.2012

Startup IndoorAtlas, founded in 2012 by scientists from the University of Oulu in Finland, announced the development of a technology that allows you to determine the user's coordinates with an accuracy of 0,1-2 meters without using any satellite navigation system and any external equipment. The technology does not require any external equipment, including Wi-Fi access points.

The technology is intended for use inside structures where the signal of GPS or any other satellite system is poorly received or not received at all. To determine the coordinates inside buildings, the Earth's magnetic field is used, which in any building that has steel elements in its structure, takes on a unique pattern. This magnetic field pattern is used to map the building, on which the user's location is then determined using a conventional electronic compass, which is equipped with modern smartphones.

Nature itself helped develop the technology. Scientists believe that animals can determine their location by the Earth's magnetic field. The company claims to be the first to find practical applications for magnetic anomalies inside structures. It is worth adding that the IndoorAtlas technology was successfully tested in a mine at a depth of 1,4 km.

“When smartphones with a built-in compass came on the market, we realized that we could develop a completely new solution for navigating inside buildings,” said Janne Haverinen, Ph.D. in engineering from the University of Oulu, who led the development team. to Wi-Fi hotspots and other supporting equipment inside buildings to enable navigation. Our solution does not require any of that."

IndoorAtlas has released all the necessary tools for mapping buildings and using them inside mobile applications. For now, only the Android platform is supported. Those wishing to implement this technology will be asked to enter into a licensing agreement.

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