What scientific result of William Gilbert the great Galileo called astonishing? Detailed answer

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What scientific result of William Gilbert the great Galileo called astonishing? Detailed answer

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What scientific result of William Gilbert the great Galileo called astonishing?

English physicist William Gilbert (1544-1603) was the first to suggest that the Earth is a large magnet, and its magnetic poles coincide with geographic

Gilbert made a "little Earth" in the form of a magnetized iron ball, and then, circling the surface of this ball with a magnetic needle, investigated its magnetic properties and found that they correspond to the magnetic properties of the Earth - a "big magnet". On the basis of this experience, Gilbert concluded that, from the point of view of the magnetic action, the Earth differs from the iron ball he studied only in its size. Galileo called the scientific and philosophical significance of this conclusion "worthy of admiration."

Hilbert was the first person who dared to compare the fact obtained within the walls of the laboratory with the phenomenon of a cosmic order. Thus, he dealt a heavy blow to the thousand-year-old myth that opposed the sublunar world to the heavenly world. Hilbert's concept ultimately meant that the phenomena of the cosmos should be studied by the same methods that are suitable for the study of ordinary terrestrial phenomena.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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Why did the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator get his nickname?

Henry the Navigator (1394-1460), the fourth son of the Portuguese king João I, became famous as the organizer of sea expeditions to the islands of the central Atlantic Ocean and the western shores of Africa, for which he received his nickname from grateful descendants in the XNUMXth century, although he himself did not swim.

Prince Henry made it his life's goal to survey the coast of Africa in order to open routes for penetration into Asia, bypassing the Arab trade routes. He founded an observatory and a nautical school in the city of Sagris, and contributed to the development of Portuguese shipbuilding. Henry's plans at first did not meet with understanding in Portuguese society.

Opponents of naval expeditions insisted that the prince diverted attention and funds from the main task of the kingdom - the fight against the Moors. However, after the first trading company was founded in Lagos, which managed to profitably sell a large batch of black slaves taken out of Africa on its ships, interest in expeditions increased dramatically.

Largely thanks to the efforts of Prince Henry, the Portuguese were the first to round Cape Bojador (now Bujdur) in 1434 on the coast of West Africa, south of the Canary Islands. In 1441 they reached Cape Blanco (now Nouadhibou), in 1445 they discovered the Green Cape, and in 1462, two years after the death of Prince Henry, they entered the Gulf of Guinea.

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Ultra-stable perovskite-based solar cells with protective adhesive 05.06.2023

Silicon solar cells may have had a few decades of head start, but Perovsk is rapidly closing the gap in just 15 years. Not only does its efficiency approach that of silicon, it's also cheaper, lighter, and more flexible, but it has one major drawback - durability.

Over prolonged exposure to the elements, perovskites tend to break down, which in turn is not good for devices designed to be exposed to the sun all day, every day for decades. Scientists have experimented with amplifying them by adding bulk molecules, 2D additives, carbon nanodots from hair, or quantum dots, among other things. But the new treatment allows perovskite solar cells to operate at 99% efficiency after 1000 hours of use.

The team used a new adhesive to protect the perovskites. It is called BondLynx and was originally produced by Canadian materials company XlynX for other uses before being tested on solar cells.

Problems with perovskites begin when the organic components in the material are activated by heat and light and can disappear, weakening the perovskite and damaging other materials in the solar cell. BondLynx is a "cross-linking" agent that forms chemical covalent bonds with these organic components, preventing them from loosening and reducing effectiveness.

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The solar cells were also subjected to continuous exposure to 60°C (140°F) heat for 600 hours. The treated BondLynx managed to retain almost 98% of their potency during this time, while the control group lost 27% of their potency.

Although the trials were only a few months old, the fact that the treated cells barely lost their effectiveness suggests they should live much longer. Along with another recent coating that is estimated to give solar cells a 30-year lifespan, this bold new challenger could patch up its Achilles heel and soon challenge silicon for solar supremacy.

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