What is matter? Detailed answer

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What is matter? Detailed answer

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What is matter?

Anything that occupies at least some space anywhere in the universe is called matter. There are three states of matter: solid, liquid and gaseous. Matter is also divided into organic and inorganic. Plants, animals, people are examples of living matter. Firewood, clothes made of cotton and wool, buckwheat also belong to it, because once they were part of some living creature. Everything else: iron, copper, glass, water, air, etc. - is inorganic matter.

Any matter, regardless of its form or state, consists of atoms. The atoms themselves have a central nucleus and electrons revolving around it. Electrons are small, constantly moving particles of electricity. Although atoms are so small that a person cannot even imagine their size, nevertheless, there is a significant empty space between the nucleus and electrons. In terms of volume, it far exceeds the total volume of the particles from which the atom is built.

Thus it turns out that matter is actually mostly emptiness! It doesn't matter if it's a person or a brick wall. If all the empty space were removed from you, leaving only the solid base itself, then you would be reduced to the size of a tiny tablet.

If all atoms were the same, then there would be only one kind of matter in the world. However, there are more than a hundred varieties of them, each of which, separately from the others, forms the simplest type of matter, called an element. Gold, iron, iodine, oxygen, copper in their pure form are separate elements.

Matter, built from combinations of various atoms, connected to each other by strong bonds, is called substance. The smallest particle of matter is called a molecule. The closer the atoms and molecules are to each other, the more "dense" this type of matter is.

The denser the matter, the heavier it is. Therefore, for example, gold is heavier than wood. Matter can change from one state (solid, liquid or gaseous) to another. It cannot be completely destroyed, but it can be turned into energy.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why are the natives of America called Indians?

Everything is very simple. Having discovered the lands of the New World for Europe, Columbus unshakably and sincerely believed that he had reached the shores of unknown India! And until his death, the admiral was in error. But even the mistake of this amazing person turned out to be brilliant.

It is proved that many other sailors, and much earlier than Columbus, reached the shores of America. There are versions that the ancient Egyptians, and Chinese monks, and Roman legionnaires, and even the knights of the Knights Templar visited America. And in the X - early XI centuries, the Vikings founded a colony in Greenland (this part of the land belongs to the American mainland), and then landed on the coast of America itself.

However, all ancient travels to the shores of America went unnoticed by contemporaries, and then completely forgotten. Columbus's discovery not only gave the Europeans the richest continent - it completely changed their ideas about the world and largely predetermined the future of mankind.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ What did most of Galileo's students learn at the University of Padua?

▪ On what ships did Christopher Columbus discover America?

▪ Why is one of the whites of the human eye named after Pikachu?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

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Random news from the Archive

The MP3 format is officially free 19.05.2017

The Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits officially said goodbye to the MP3 codec and file format. Key MP3-related patents expired at the end of April. It is reported by National Public Radio.

MP3 (MPEG-1 Layer III) is a popular codec and audio file format that is widely supported around the world. The vast majority of media player developers (both software and stand-alone devices) include MP3 support in their product.

Different patents related to MP3 were owned by different companies, which gave rise to constant disputes and lawsuits. As a result, some device manufacturers (such as MP3 players) did not pay for an MP3 license at all, while others paid a royalty of several tens of cents per device. Alcatel-Lucent, for example, sued Microsoft for $1,53 billion.

The Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits said in a statement that the licensing program associated with the MP3 patents has officially ended. According to representatives of the Institute, the future belongs to codecs that compress audio more efficiently, such as AAC or MPEG-H, which is being developed.

Despite National Public Radio's announcement of the "official death" of MP3, in reality, the expiration of patents (and the termination of the licensing program) means that MP3 support can be built into your products without any royalties to the organizations holding the patents.

Recently, another common technology, the Adobe Flash Player, officially became a thing of the past. The product has been repeatedly criticized for a large number of known vulnerabilities in the code, and Adobe at the end of 2015 recognized the victory of HTML5 over Flash.

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