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Found interstellar iron

30.07.2019

Astrophysicists know that iron (chemical symbol: Fe) is one of the most abundant elements in the universe, after lighter elements such as hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. Iron is most commonly found in gaseous form in stars such as the Sun and in a more condensed form on planets such as Earth.

Iron in the interstellar medium should also be common, but astrophysicists have only detected low levels of gaseous iron. This implies that it exists in some sort of solid form or molecular state, yet identification of its hiding place remains elusive for decades.

A team of space chemists at Arizona State University, backed by the Keck Observatory, now says the puzzle is easier than it looks. Interstellar iron hid in plain sight. It combined with carbon molecules and formed molecular chains called iron pseudocarbines. The spectra of these chains are identical to the much more common chains of carbon molecules, whose presence in interstellar space has long been known.

The team explored how clusters containing several metallic iron atoms can combine with chains of carbon molecules to form molecules that combine both elements.

Recent data from stardust and meteorites point to the widespread occurrence of agglomerations of iron atoms in space. At the extremely low temperatures of interstellar space, these iron clusters act like deep freeze particles, allowing carbon chains of various lengths to stick to them, thus producing molecules different from those that can be produced in the gaseous phase of iron.

The missing iron in the interstellar medium is actually in plain sight, but disguised as ordinary carbon chain molecules.

The new work may also solve another long-standing mystery. The researchers explain that carbon chains with more than nine atoms are unstable. However, observations have found more complex carbon molecules in interstellar space. How nature builds these complex carbon molecules from simpler carbon molecules has been a mystery for many years.

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