What did the first guns look like? Detailed answer

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What did the first guns look like? Detailed answer

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What did the first guns look like?

The first samples of small arms appeared in the fourteenth century. They were known as hand cannons. They had copper and iron pipes (barrels) closed at the back. On the same side (closer to the butt) a small hole was drilled to ignite the gunpowder inside the barrel. The butt had a recess into which the stock was inserted. The mechanism by which a gun fires a shot is called a lock.

Around 1425, a forked piece of iron was attached to the bed on one side, which held a burning wick. With the help of this device, it was possible to light a charge with a wick. Guns fired in this way were called muskets. The next improvement was a change in the shape of the butt, which began to be beveled, which allowed the shooter to put the weapon to his shoulder and take on the recoil. At the same time, this allowed him to aim while looking along the barrel. Such a weapon was called an arquebus.

Around 1515, the wheel lock was invented. A rough-surfaced steel wheel struck sparks from the flint. The result was sparks that ignited gunpowder on a small shelf connected by a hole with a charge in the barrel. By the end of the 1840th century, flintlock guns were improved to the limit. But the principle of their operation remained the same, and they were used with minor changes until about XNUMX.

In 1807, the "shock" system was invented. Its meaning was that the powder charge was ignited with the help of not a flint, but a primer with a detonating substance, which was hit by a trigger hammer.

Author: Likum A.

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Who was the first doctor?

Even at the dawn of civilization, man began to practice practical medicine. He took steps to lessen the pain and bring relief to the patient. In the earliest times that we know anything about, there were already healers.

The Aesculapius of Babylon compiled medical records describing various diseases so accurately that today's doctors could well use them. And in ancient Egypt, although it was believed that diseases were caused by evil spirits, the sick were still treated with pills and ointments that contained medicinal substances such as opium or castor oil. Minor surgeries were also performed.

So, since ancient times, there have been all sorts of healers. But around 460 B.C. e. A man named Hippocrates was born in Greece. Many changes in medicine are associated with his name. No wonder he was called the "father of medicine". The main thing that Hippocrates did was to separate medicine from witchcraft and superstitions. Although he did not have such scientific knowledge as modern medicine has, his approach and attitude to healing can be called scientific. He taught that the patient must be examined very carefully. He said that one should not rely too much on treatment, but should try to help the body's natural defenses. His commandment was: "Do no harm!"

Hippocrates recognized and described many diseases. Some of his medical observations have not lost their significance even today, although they are more than two thousand years old.

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