Power supply project. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Power supply project. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric power supply

The use of electricity is possible only after the approval of electrical installations for operation and the receipt by the consumer of a subscription book for payments for electricity.

First of all, the consumer must obtain technical conditions for power supply from the owner of electrical networks, draw up a project or power supply scheme, coordinate this document with the owner of the networks and the local authority of the State Energy Supervision Authority.

After the completion of the installation work and the fulfillment of the technical conditions, the consumer submits an application for the supply of electricity. The owner of the networks checks the work done for compliance with the project and the EMP, conducts briefings on electrical safety measures. Records are made of the results of the inspection and briefing. After that, the enterprise that issued the technical specifications connects the facility to the power grid.

The project should present decisions on the choice of fuses, circuit breakers, wires and the method of laying them, diagrams of internal electrical wiring and external courtyard networks, electricity metering for settlements with the owner of the electrical networks, and, if necessary, on the grounding device.

A branch from the overhead line and intra-yard networks are applied to the site plan, internal wiring - to building plans. In addition, the plans indicate the location of shields, junction boxes, switches, meters, as well as permanently installed lamps and other electrical receivers.

The plans are supplemented with the necessary explanations and electrical circuits of the shields. The project can be omitted if an insignificant amount of electrification work is planned, for example, only electrical wiring for lighting in the house and household electrical appliances for in-house use. In this case, it is enough to complete a detailed diagram indicating on it the brands of wires and the methods of their laying, as well as the rated currents of the fuses. It is not necessary to reproduce the electrical diagrams of the internal connections of used appliances and devices, such as an electric meter or a fluorescent lamp.

The electrical circuit differs from the wiring plan in that it depicts the electrical connections between electrical equipment and wiring elements, not taking into account their location in the room or on the ground, that is, without observing the scale.

Before applying to the owner of electrical networks for technical conditions for power supply, the consumer must clearly determine the desired degree of electrification of the site. This determines the scope of the forthcoming installation work, the required wire cross-section, the type of meter, the version of the shield and the rated current of the fuses. The consumer is not allowed to increase the rated current of the fuses in comparison with that specified in the project or diagram.

Personal subsidiary plots according to the degree of electrification can be divided into three groups.

The first includes households with a low degree of electrification, when electricity is used mainly for lighting (electrical appliances and electrified machines outside the premises of a residential building are not provided) and the power of the electrical receivers used does not exceed 1,3 kW.

The second category includes farms that use either household electrical appliances with a power of more than 1,3 kW, or single-phase electrified machines or power tools outside the premises of a residential building.

To the third - farms in which three-phase power receivers are used.

In the first case, they apply for a single-phase branch with a 5 A counter, in the second - for a single-phase branch, but at the same time they provide for protective zeroing and the rated current of the counter (5 or 10 A) is accepted depending on the power of the electrical receivers used, in the third - a three-phase branch with zero working and protective wires.

Author: Bannikov E.A.

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