How do our kidneys work? Detailed answer

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How do our kidneys work? Detailed answer

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How do our kidneys work?

The kidneys are two flat, bean-shaped, hard internal organs that are among the most important organs in our body. They are located on both sides of the spine approximately at waist level. Their length is approximately ten centimeters. The kidneys help the body eliminate unwanted substances.

It is equally important for the body to get rid of what it does not need, as well as to get what it needs. But the kidneys also make sure that other substances remain in the body. They also regulate the amount of water and other substances in the blood. On the outside of each kidney, the capillaries form tiny loops that form a kind of ball covered with a thin film. Each kidney contains about 1,5 million of these balls, which are called glomeruli.

More blood passes through the kidneys every minute than through any other organ. The glomeruli allow some of the fluid from the blood, which contains solutes, to pass through the membrane. The fluid that permeates through the film is called urine. It collects inside the calyx that covers each glomerulus. A very thin tube called a tubule carries urine out of the cups. When urine passes through the thin tubules, the cells of their membranes are engaged in the exchange of substances between blood and urine.

The substances needed by the body are returned to the blood. A significant amount of water from the tubules also enters the blood. Thus, the kidneys contribute to the correct water balance of the body. The kidney tubules also regulate the acidity of the blood. All tubules gather inside each kidney and open into a cavity called the renal pelvis. The urine then travels down two tubes called the urethra that connect the kidneys to the bladder.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is an asteroid?

Discoveries in the world of celestial bodies often resemble the discovery of a mystery. This is how asteroids were discovered. Scientists Titius and Bode at different times came to the conclusion that there must be some planet between Mars and Jupiter: there was some kind of gap in the distance between them. Therefore, several astronomers set about searching for this planet.

In 1801, a planet called Ceres was actually discovered at this place. But it was a very small planet, only 600 miles in diameter. Scientists decided that it could be just one of a group of minor planets, and the search continued.

After some time, three more planets were discovered, the largest of which was half the size of Ceres. Astronomers have decided that these planets are four fragments left after the explosion of some large planet. But after fifteen years of searching, one astronomer found another minor planet, and the hunt continued.

By 1890, 300 minor planets had been discovered, and between 1890 and 1927-2000 planets! These minor planets, mostly revolving in the space between Mars and Jupiter around the Sun, are called asteroids. It is estimated that there are about 100 of them, although many of them are too small to be easily detected. Some are only a few hundred meters across, and their total mass is only a small fraction of the mass of the Earth.

Regarding the appearance of asteroids, there is a hypothesis according to which they are fragments of an exploded satellite of Jupiter.

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