What microbes have become the official symbols of the US states? Detailed answer

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What microbes have become the official symbols of the US states? Detailed answer

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What microbes have become the official symbols of the US states?

Each US state, in addition to the flag and coat of arms, has many other officially approved attributes: a mammal, a bird, a fish, a tree, a mineral, a dish, a song, and so on. But only two states currently have official microbes. In Oregon, it was Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker's yeast, for its involvement in baking and brewing. And in New Jersey - the bacterium Streptomyces griseus for its exceptional role in public health, namely in the production of the antibiotic streptomycin synthesized in the USA.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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How did American real estate agencies benefit from racial animosity?

In 1948, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled illegal property owners' collective bargaining agreements that supported racial segregation. However, the fears of the white population before the colored did not go away, which was skillfully used by real estate agencies. As soon as a black family moved into one of the houses in the block, white neighbors sought to sell their houses below market value, fearing an imminent collapse in prices. Agents bought these properties and sold them to people of color at prices already above the market, as in most cases people of color did not meet the mortgage requirements of banks and were forced to buy houses in installments. This scheme, called blockbusting, was common until the 1980s.

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In most metals, electrical conductivity is limited by the number of defects in their crystal lattice, which cause electrons to scatter, hitting them like billiard balls. Therefore, graphene, due to its "two-dimensional" structure, conducts electricity much better than any metal. In addition, in some pure metals and other materials with an ordered crystal structure, including graphene, electrons can overcome distances of microns without scattering due to the so-called ballistic motion. The parameters of such motion determine the maximum possible electrical conductivity of the material, which is called Landauer's fundamental limit.

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