Why are the colors of the rainbow arranged in this order? Detailed answer

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Why are the colors of the rainbow arranged in this order? Detailed answer

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Why are the colors of the rainbow arranged in this order?

We call ordinary sunlight white because it appears to us as such. However, it actually has different colors. When sunlight hits the beveled end of a mirror, the edge of a glass prism, or the surface of a soap bubble, we manage to see a whole range of colors in it. What happens in each of these cases is that the white rays break up, according to their wavelengths, into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet colors.

As a result, a strip appears before our eyes, consisting of parallel lines of different colors, and at their borders one color smoothly turns into another. Such a strip is called a spectrum. The red line is always at one end of the spectrum, and the violet line is at the other. This is determined by the difference in the wavelengths of rays of different colors: it increases from purple to red.

The rainbow, in fact, is such a spectrum, spread out in an arc across the sky. The sun's rays, penetrating into drops of water, are refracted, that is, they break up into their component parts, as happens when they pass through a glass prism. Already inside the drop itself, we see lines of different colors stretching from one of its edges to the other. Some of the colored rays are reflected from the rear wall of the drop and exit it. These rays are reflected at different angles depending on the color, more precisely, as we already know, the wavelength.

Therefore, when you look at a rainbow, you see that it is always red at the top and purple at the bottom. Rainbows can only be seen when it rains and the sun shines at the same time, as often happens during summer showers. To see it, you should be between the rain and the sun shining from behind you. Moreover, the sun, your eye and the central point of the multi-colored arc should be located on the same straight line.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What art form, traditionally associated only with men, was founded by a woman?

The Japanese kabuki theater, where all the roles, even female ones, are played by men, was founded by a woman. Her name was Okuni and she was a shrine attendant in the 17th century. She and other women then also played all the roles, including men's. However, soon the country's leadership did not like the immoral atmosphere that often reigned at such performances, and women in the kabuki theater were replaced by young men, and later by mature men. In our time, traditions are no longer so strong, and in some troupes, female roles have again been performed by women.

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Random news from the Archive

Express neurons 30.09.2014

The standard form of a nerve cell is represented as follows: several branched processes-dendrites and one long non-branching process-axon depart from the body of a neuron. Through the dendrites, the neuron receives impulses from neighboring cells, through the axon it transmits impulses further, while the impulses necessarily pass through the cell body - after all, both the axon and the dendrites originate from it. This is the general scheme of the structure for all neurons, and no matter how its processes branch and no matter how numerous they are, the cell body will always be the “staging post” for the electrochemical reaction running along the membrane.

All the more surprising was the discovery of neuroscientists from the universities of Bonn and Heidelberg (Germany), who found neurons with axons growing directly from dendrites. Christian Thome, Alexey Egorov and their colleagues described their discovery in the journal Neuron.

A new type of cell was found in the brain of mice, or rather, in the hippocampus, which is one of the most important centers of memory and orientation in space. Many of the neurons in the hippocampus, called pyramidal cells, are extremely branched: they collect information from many other neurons, so they cannot do without densely branching dendrites.

The researchers decided to analyze the intercellular contacts of pyramidal neurons with their neighbors, and for this they modified neurons by providing them with a fluorescent protein that marked the bases of cell processes. It turned out that in about half of the cells, the axon departs not from the cell body, but from the dendrite, from its lower part, closest to the cell body. The hippocampus is divided into several structural and functional zones, and in each of them the proportion of unusual cells was different, but there is no doubt that there are really many such cells.

Such an unusual structure should somehow affect the functioning of cells. Indeed, it turned out that the dendrites from which the axon grows respond more readily to stimulation - for example, they needed less neurotransmitter to trigger an impulse. In other words, such dendrites had a lower excitation threshold, which means that they could respond to weak signals.

To an external stimulus that would come through such a dendrite, the cell (and the nerve chain connected to it) would respond faster, without waiting for the external stimulus to increase its power. The activity of such neurons is obviously difficult to suppress, and they may be designed to convey information of particular importance. However, the work of abnormal neurons remains to be studied and studied. They have not yet been searched for in the human brain, however, given that the human hippocampus and the mouse hippocampus repeat each other's structure, and, most likely, primates also have such cells.

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