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Titanium turtle jaw

25.05.2015

Turkish scientists have saved a rare sea turtle from death by 3D-printing a titanium prosthetic jaw for it.

A loggerhead sea turtle on the verge of exhaustion has ended up at the Center for the Study and Rescue of Sea Turtles at the Turkish University of Pamukkale: seriously damaged jaws prevented it from eating normally in its natural environment. Apparently, the turtle was injured by the outboard motor. After the victim was brought back to life, it turned out that it was also impossible to feed her in the laboratory: she could hardly swallow even a small fish.

The center's director, Professor Yakup Kaska, decided that the 45-kilogram turtle needed a jaw implant. He recruited BTech Innovation, a company that specializes in creating 3D prostheses for humans. Specialists took a series of scans of turtle jaws and based on them created an implant using a 3D printer. The labor-intensive process took about two months.

Then a whole team of veterinarians and surgeons performed a complex, hours-long operation to install this implant made of medical grade titanium. Luckily, he settled down perfectly, and 18 days after the operation, the turtle was doing well. According to experts, this unique experience opens up new opportunities for saving animals around the world.

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Wet tropics emit more carbon than they absorb 08.10.2017

Areas of industrial deforestation are clearly visible on satellite images. It is much more difficult to see the places where the forest still stands, but due to human activity it has become less common.

Ecologist Alessandro Baccini and his colleagues at Boston University have found a way to estimate forest density from satellite photos by calibrating NASA's orbiting lidars and writing an algorithm that compares photos of the same forest patches taken in different years and estimates the density of vegetation or mass of carbonaceous matter.

Baccini's team estimates that rainforests release 862 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere every year, more than all the U.S. car emissions in the same period. At the same time, only 436 million tons are absorbed. For 70% of this imbalance, the deterioration in the quality of the forest is to blame, for 30% - industrial felling of trees. More than half of all the carbon that enters the atmosphere comes from the forests of South America, including the Amazon jungle. Another quarter is given by the forests of tropical Africa, Asian - about 16%.

Terrestrial ecosystem specialist Joshua Fisher of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., notes that Baccini's findings do not match atmospheric data, which suggests that rainforests still fix more carbon than they emit. Perhaps Baccini's mistake is that he took into account only terrestrial biomass and forgot that the carbon absorbed by plants also goes to root growth.

But even if Bacchini's calculations are wrong, the study is valuable because it draws attention to deteriorating forest quality, a problem no less serious than deforestation.

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