Who discovered insulin? Detailed answer

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Who discovered insulin? Detailed answer

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Who discovered insulin?

Insulin is used to treat a disease called diabetes. When a person has this disease, certain deterioration in his body leads to the fact that it does not process the starch and sugar necessary for energy. A large gland called the pancreas produces a substance called insulin, which the body needs to process starch and sugar. A person with diabetes either does not produce enough insulin or does not use all of the insulin produced. If left untreated, the patient suffers from thirst, loses weight, feels weak, and may possibly faint and even die.

However, people with diabetes are now relieved of this, since insulin is produced in sufficient quantities by industry. And diabetics can get it by daily injection. With factory-produced insulin and a regular diet, they can lead normal lives. Doctors have known for a long time that people suffering from diabetes cannot consume the sugar that is in their body. The problem was how to provide diabetics with insulin. Scientists believed that the task was only to give diabetics insulin obtained from the pancreas of healthy animals. But none of them could isolate insulin.

Frederick Grant Banting, a Canadian physician and scientist who was born in 1891 near Alliston, in the province of Ontario, was able to do this for the first time. He taught in the city of London in the same province, and one evening, while preparing for a lecture on the pancreas, he suddenly realized how to get insulin. He went to the University of Toronto and asked Professor John McLeod, director of a large laboratory, to help him. McLeod allowed him to use the lab for a few weeks.

In May 1921, with the help of a young graduate, Charles Best, Banting set to work. They worked day and night and within weeks received the first insulin from a dog's pancreas. By January 1922, after many tests, they were able to give insulin to a diabetic young man who was dying. There was a rapid improvement. Other patients who received insulin also improved. An important step forward was made in the history of medicine.

Author: Likum A.

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What is the Rh factor?

When a person loses a lot of blood for one reason or another, his life can be saved by a blood transfusion. Another person's blood flows into the victim's circulatory system and replaces their own lost blood.

The first known blood transfusion was performed in 1677, when the blood of a lamb was poured into the veins of a dying boy. This boy was lucky and survived. We now know that the blood of lower animals is different from human blood, and its use in human transfusions involves great risk.

In 1940, another method of dividing blood into groups was discovered - depending on the Rh factor. This discovery was made in the course of experiments on rhesus monkeys, and therefore this phenomenon was called "rhesus". It has been found that with certain mixtures of blood, red blood cells rupture. This is due to the difference in the Rh factor. There are two types of human blood: Rh positive and Rh negative.

If blood from a Rh-positive person is transfused to a Rh-negative person, the latter will develop a disease when the same blood is transfused again. In rare cases (one in forty or fifty) from a father with a positive Rh and a mother with a negative, under certain conditions, a child is born with a blood disease.

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