Experiments with accumulated energy. Entertaining physical experiments at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Experiments with accumulated energy. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

The easiest way to store energy in an object is to pick it up. Lifting, for example, a stone, you thereby store energy in it, transfer to it your energy that you spent, tearing it off the ground and overcoming gravity. Another example of energy accumulation can be given as follows: if you start a spring, having spent your force on overcoming its elasticity, then the spring will store this energy until you give it the opportunity to unwind, return the accumulated energy.

Let's do some experiments.

Round objects usually roll off an inclined plane. But in our experiment, a cardboard wheel, placed in the middle of an inclined plane, suddenly rolls not down, but up.

To make a wheel that behaves so unusually, cut out two circles with a diameter of 20 centimeters from thick thin cardboard, glue a cork between their centers. You will get a large wheel in the form of a narrow coil. Inside, at the very edge, between the circles, strengthen a large heavy nut. It is only necessary that both the plug and the nut, in order to avoid distortion, be of the same height. You need to put the wheel on an inclined plane so that the nut is slightly shifted from the vertical line passing through it and the center of the wheel, in the direction in which you want it to roll. The nut, invisible from the outside, will be an energy storage device. Release the wheel. Aiming down, the nut drags the wheel, and it rolls. Select a small angle of inclination of the plane - 5-8 °. Its length must be chosen such that the wheel jumps off it before its power reserve runs out.

Experiences with stored energy

But you can make the device more complicated. The spring will store the energy in it. Unfortunately, this device is not available for everyone to manufacture: it definitely needs a spiral spring, which is used in watches. If you manage to find such a spring, then you can start making it.

The device looks simple - a small smooth cardboard cylinder. And if you put it on a flat or even slightly inclined plane, it will suddenly roll and will roll until it hits something or until it jumps off the inclined plane.

Here we will only talk about the principle of its device. Dimensions will not be given, because everything will depend on what kind of spring you have. You yourself have to choose all the sizes, taking into account the available materials. But for orientation, it is recommended to make the cylinder not very large - about 15-20 centimeters long.

From thick thin cardboard, you need to glue the cylinder, so far without bases, without bottoms. Pick up a flat wooden stick along the length of the cylinder. Drive one thin carnation without hats into the ends of the stick. This will be the axis of our device.

From thin boards or thick plywood, make two crosses. They should fit snugly into the cardboard cylinder. Drill small holes in the centers of the crosses and insert the ends of the axle into them. A heavy load must be hung on the axle. Its weight will depend on the force of the spring. These can be pieces of lead, bolts and nuts, or pebbles collected in bags. You can hang this load on several thin studs along the axis, but it must hang freely, not touch the cylinder wall when the crosses with the axis are inserted into it.

Now it remains to put the spring. As mentioned, the spring needs a spiral. Attach one end to the crosspiece, the other to the axis. Insert the crosses with the axle and the load suspended on it into the cylinder. Fasten the crosses in the cylinder for the time being with the buttons and, holding the cylinder in a horizontal position, rotate it around the longitudinal axis. The load hanging on the axis will not allow it to rotate, and the spring will gradually twist, that is, start up. When it fires all the way, lay the cylinder on a smooth surface, and if done right, the cylinder will roll. If the ratio between the load and the spring is chosen unsuccessfully, it is necessary to remove the crosses and add or reduce the load. When everything is done, grease the ends of the crosses with glue, insert them together with the axle into the cylinder and glue cardboard circles to them - the bottoms of the cylinder.

Experiences with stored energy

The cylinder can be pasted over with colored paper or painted with paint. This simple device always impresses the audience. No one immediately guesses the reason for its movement, especially when it rolls up an inclined plane. Of course, rehearse this number in advance in order to choose the appropriate inclination of the plane.

Author: Rabiza F.V.

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