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Graphene water filter

30.01.2021

When sheets of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, are stacked on top of each other, tiny gaps form between the sheets, which have many potential uses. A team of researchers at Brown University has found a way to orient these gaps so that they can be used to filter water and other liquids from nano-sized contaminants.

The gaps between the graphene sheets in question are called nanochannels. In fact, they are difficult to use for water filtration due to the location of the nanochannels. Imagine a notebook with sheets of graphene instead of sheets of paper. They are thinner in the vertical direction compared to the length and width in the horizontal plane. This means that the channels between the sheets are also oriented horizontally, which is not ideal for filtration: the liquid has to travel a relatively long distance to get from one end of the channel to the other. It would be better if the channels were perpendicular to the orientation of the sheets. In this case, the liquid will only have to pass a relatively thin vertical height of the stack.

Scientists at Brown University have found a way to make these nanochannels vertical. Their method consists of laying sheets of graphene on an elastic substrate that is stretched. After all the sheets are laid, the tension of the warp is released - and it shrinks. When this happens, the graphene folds into an accordion, forming rises and falls, and the channels tilt as they do so.

Once the channels are almost vertical, the assembly is covered with epoxy and then the top and bottom are cut off, which opens the channels all the way through the material. The scientists named their membrane VAGME (vertically oriented graphene membrane).

Membrane testing has shown that water vapor can easily seep through the VAGME and hexane, a larger organic molecule, is filtered out. The researchers plan to continue developing the technology with possible industrial or domestic filtration applications.

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