How did the ensembles appear? Detailed answer

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How did the ensembles appear? Detailed answer

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How did the ensembles appear?

Everyone loves to listen to ensembles! A holiday without it would not be a holiday. And how do you imagine a circus without an ensemble? Today, it also accompanies sporting events. There are also school ensembles that play in the evenings.

The first ensembles had nothing like the ones that exist today. A few itinerant musicians would appear here and there and then move on. However, by the end of the thirteenth century, these groups had grown in size and become so popular that special organizations began to form. They organized guilds, just like people of other professions. These guilds developed rules and guidelines, as well as defined the rights of musicians who played in ensembles. In those days, every church had a brass band. And not a single wedding or holiday was complete without it.

Eventually every city in Europe got its own little brass band. They reached such a degree of popularity that they began to accompany the army on the march. This happened in the XNUMXth century, and the first band marching with the army consisted of hired citizens. The regiments then began to recruit and train their own bands.

Currently, the bands and ensembles belonging to the various branches of the US Army are very famous. These are outstanding musical groups. Military organizations were not the only ones to take an interest in bands. Schools and colleges also developed them. Over time, many school ensembles began to play like professional ones.

Another type of ensembles that have become popular are concert ones. Concert ensembles are created on the same principle as symphony orchestras. Usually there are no string instruments in orchestras, they are replaced by woodwinds. Each group of instruments in an orchestra has its own part, such as soprano, alto, low-pitched clarinets and saxophones, and so on. This gives the ensemble color.

Today, more and more pieces of music are written for concert ensembles. Millions of people enjoy their sound in parks, concert halls and parades.

Author: Likum A.

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The physical standard of the kilogram will be replaced by the quantum formula 14.11.2018

The world is no longer using the kilogram standard, which has been kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sevres, France since 1889. This is a small cylinder made of an alloy of platinum and iridium. The reason is that its mass can change.

"This is not very good, given the accuracy in measurements we need at the moment," said Thomas Grenon, head of France's National Laboratory for Metrology and Testing.

The kilogram remained the last measure that depended on the physical object. On November 16 in Versailles at the 26th General Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, everything will change. For a kilogram, the formula will be adopted. This will be a universal formula for determining the kilogram based on the laws of quantum physics.

Now a kilogram will be determined not by the weight of the standard, but by the amount of electrical energy needed to move an object weighing a kilogram. And the energy, in turn, is calculated on the basis of Planck's constant.

The General Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at the Paris Palace of Versailles will also discuss the definition of other major international units of measurement - the ampere (A) unit of electric current, the kelvin (K) unit of thermodynamic temperature, and the mole - a unit of measurement of the amount of substance.

The concept of gram and kilogram was introduced into science in 1795. Water was taken as the basis: it was believed that one kilogram is equal to the weight of a liter of water. For the mass standard, a platinum cylinder was first made, and then a platinum-iridium cylinder.

The standard was kept under reliable protection. Under two glass caps, from which the air was pumped out. Moreover, only three people in the whole world had access to the room where the standard stood. Everyone had their own key. But it was possible to open the door and enter the room with the standard only by turning three keys at the same time. But that didn't help either. By the end of the XNUMXth century, scientists discovered that the standard was gradually losing mass.

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