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Cheap glowing dosimeter

16.05.2012

With the growing danger of nuclear terrorism and smuggling of radioactive materials, the creation of cheap and simple methods for detecting radiation radiation becomes especially relevant.

Researchers at the Georgia Research Institute have developed a unique substance based on nanoparticles of rare earth elements, halides and oxides that glows in the presence of radioactive materials.

Currently, two types of radiation detectors are widely used: scintillation and solid state. The former are usually based on a single crystal of sodium iodide or a similar material, and the latter are based on semiconductor materials such as germanium. Both technologies can reliably detect gamma rays and subatomic particles emitted by radioactive substances. For example, when gamma rays hit the crystal of a scintillation detector, flashes of light are produced, which are converted into electrical impulses. In solid-state detectors, gamma rays are converted directly into electrical pulses.

For all their advantages, both technologies have significant drawbacks. Thus, scintillation detectors require large, expensive and difficult to manufacture crystals, which, moreover, are fragile and very afraid of moisture. Solid-state detectors are more sensitive, but high-purity germanium single crystals are even more difficult to manufacture, and such detectors can only detect radiation from a short distance. In addition, the temperature of germanium must be very low -200 degrees Celsius, which makes it difficult to use solid-state detectors.

The new composite material is a nanopowder consisting of 20-nm gadolinium and cerium bromide nanoparticles with the addition of silicon and aluminum oxide. It is much easier to make a nanopowder than a large, high-purity single crystal.

Gadolinium effectively absorbs gamma radiation and directs its energy to cerium atoms, which begin to emit light. Thus, the nanopowder acts as an effective scintillator and can replace expensive and difficult to operate modern radiation detectors.

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