What is foot and mouth disease? Detailed answer

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What is foot and mouth disease? Detailed answer

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What is foot-and-mouth disease?

If you live on a farm or have something to do with animal husbandry, then you have probably heard talk about foot and mouth disease.

It is a highly contagious disease that affects almost all artiodactyl cattle. When an animal becomes ill with foot-and-mouth disease, blisters appear on its tongue, lips, and around the mouth. They can be seen on those parts of the skin where the skin is thin, as well as between the hooves. The disease appears suddenly and spreads very quickly. It causes huge loss of livestock.

If this disease takes serious forms, up to half of the infected animals can die from it. Yes, and those that survive, have a lot of problems. They lose a lot of weight because they can't eat. The milk yield of cows is also significantly reduced. By the way, a horse does not get sick with foot-and-mouth disease. This helps to establish a diagnosis. Suppose that horses, cows and pigs have a temperature on a farm. Then we can definitely say that it is not foot and mouth disease. But if the temperature rises in all animals except horses, then we can say for sure that this is foot and mouth disease.

The disease is caused by a virus, with which considerable problems are associated. First, it is the smallest of all known viruses. By comparison, the smallpox virus is 10 times larger. Another problem is that the virus can resist attempts to destroy it if the living conditions are right for it. In hay, this virus can remain active for 000 days. And at freezing temperatures, it can remain active for 30 days!

In addition, it is able to withstand many antiseptics. Another difficulty is that there are six types of FMD viruses. Therefore, even if an animal develops immunity against one species, the disease can be caused by viruses of the other five!

Author: Likum A.

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