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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How did national anthems originate? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How did national anthems originate? The national anthem is a patriotic song sung or played on official occasions as a special sign of respect for the country. National anthems and patriotic songs serve to unite people in their common hopes and ideals. The origin of many national anthems is unknown. Often the melody was already popular as a folk song when someone wrote a patriotic lyrics to it. Only a small number of melodies were specially written for national anthems. The most famous is the West German anthem, which was originally written for Austria by the great composer Franz Joseph Haydn. Several older national anthems and patriotic songs have the same tune but different lyrics. Some of them were sung as war songs by opposing armies in the same battle. The British anthem "God Save the Queen" has become the tune for patriotic songs in Denmark, Germany, Russia, Switzerland and all the English-speaking countries of the world. In the United States, the words "America" are sung to the same tune. The tune "God Save the Queen" was first heard in 1619. It was written by the English composer John Bull, and the first public performance of the national anthem took place on September 28, 1745. The national anthem of the United States was written during the War of 1812. Francis Scott Kay, a Baltimore lawyer, was on board one of the British ships that attacked Fort McHenry. Kei watched the attack all night. When he saw the American flag flying over the Fort at dawn, he was so excited that he wrote the words "Star Flag" on the back of the envelope. As he was thinking about the melody, an old English song called "To Canakreon in Heaven" came to his mind. "La Marseillaise" - the French national anthem - was a military song during the French Revolution (1789-1815). The words and music were written by Claude-Joseph Roger de Lille, a French army captain. "La Marseillaise" was adopted as the official national anthem of France in July 1795. Author: Likum A.
Who was the first person to circumnavigate the world? Black Henry. A name that almost no one knows. Enrique de Malaca was a slave and translator of Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan himself never completed his round-the-world trip. In 1521, he was killed in the Philippines, when he was only halfway to his goal. Magellan first visited East Asia in 1511, sailing there from Portugal across the Indian Ocean. It was there that he found Black Henry. Magellan bought it in Malaysia at the slave market, and then took it with him to Lisbon, returning back the same way. On all subsequent travels, Henry invariably accompanied his master - including an attempt to circumnavigate the world, on which Magellan set off in 1519. This time, the caravels went in the opposite direction - across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans - so that when the expedition reached East Asia in 1521, Henry became the first person in history to completely circumnavigate the globe. No one knows where Black Henry comes from - he was probably captured and sold into slavery as a child by pirates from Sumatra - but when he arrived in the Philippines, he was surprised to find that the locals speak his native language. After the death of the commander, the expedition continued its journey, successfully completing a round-the-world trip under the command of Magellan's deputy, Juan Sebastian Elcano, a Basque by birth. True, Black Henry was no longer on the ship. Elcano refused to fulfill his patron's last will promise to free Henry from slavery, so Henry decided to flee and was never seen again. Thus, Juan Sebastian Elcano became the first man in history to circumnavigate the globe in one voyage. He returned to Seville in September 1522. Four years earlier, five caravels set off to sea, but only one Victoria was able to get home. The ship was bursting with spices, but of the 264 people who originally went on a round-the-world trip with Ferdinand Magellan, only eighteen survived: scurvy, malnutrition and skirmishes with the natives dealt with the rest. The Spanish king granted Elcano a coat of arms with the image of the globe and the motto: "You were the first to sail around me." In modern times, Black Henry is considered a national hero by several southeastern nations.
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