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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Is the equator the hottest place on earth? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Is the equator the hottest place on earth? When we talk about different places on earth, whether they are "hot" or "cold", we are talking about climate. In general, the climate is determined by the amount of heat from the sun. It is the heat of the sun that warms the earth, the oceans and the atmosphere. It also draws moisture into the atmosphere and thus causes rain. Solar heat causes differences in atmospheric pressure, which creates winds, and solar heat and winds cause ocean currents. Therefore, when discussing the climate in a certain place, it is important to keep in mind the effect of solar heat on this area. Due to the fact that the surface of the Earth is round, the largest solar thermal effect is observed at the equator, the smallest - at the poles. At the equator, the sun's rays hit the earth vertically. Above and below the equator, the rays fall on the earth at an angle, obliquely. This means that these areas above and below the equator, or temperate zones, receive less sunlight than the equatorial zone, or tropical zone. Regions farthest from the equator receive the least amount of heat. When the rays hit the Earth at an angle, they pass through a thicker layer of the atmosphere, and some of the heat is absorbed by the air - this is another reason why other areas receive less heat. All these reasons make the equator the hottest region on Earth. True, here we are talking about what is called a "solar climate", that is, a climate that depends only on the heat of the sun. However, there are many other factors that determine the so-called "physical climate" - the climate that is actually found on Earth. The most important of these factors are water, land and altitude. The waters of the oceans and ocean currents, the existence of large expanses of land, the height of the terrain above sea level - all this together creates different climates, regardless of location on Earth. Therefore, at certain times in some place far from the equator, it can be hotter than at the equator itself, although the equatorial region is the hottest on Earth. Author: Likum A.
What is carbon? Carbon is a chemical element that is extremely important for any living being. In all the matter that exists on Earth, it accounts for less than one percent, but it is contained in any organism, living or already dead. The body of any living being is built from substances that have carbon in their composition, and the presence of it in a particular place on earth, even in small quantities, may indicate that life once existed there. Plants extract carbon from carbon dioxide - carbon dioxide - contained in the atmosphere, and use it as a building material for roots, stems and leaves. Animals get it by eating these plants. Both those and others emit it into the air in the form of the same carbon dioxide during breathing, and in the soil it accumulates during the decomposition of the bodies of dead creatures. Of all the forms of existence of pure carbon, the most famous and perhaps the most valuable for people is coal. It is about 4/5 carbon, and the rest is hydrogen and other elements. The value of coal stems from the chemical properties of carbon, chief among which is that it readily reacts with oxygen. This process occurs when coal is burned in air, and a large amount of thermal energy is released, which can be used for a variety of purposes. However, carbon in inanimate nature can be found not only in the form of coal. Two other forms of its existence in its pure form, which differ sharply from each other, are graphite and diamond. Graphite is very soft and greasy to the touch. It serves as an excellent lubricant for many mechanisms. And yet, as you know, pencil leads are made from it. In this case, graphite is mixed with clay to reduce its softness. Diamonds, on the other hand, are the hardest substance known to man. They are used to create especially durable cutters, as well as jewelry. Carbon atoms can form bonds with each other and with atoms of other elements. The result is a huge variety of carbon compounds. One of the simplest is the already mentioned carbon dioxide, which is formed when carbon is burned in oxygen or in air. Carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, which is toxic to humans and animals, is formed when carbon burns in an atmosphere where there is a lack of oxygen. With great difficulty, carbon reacts with other elements or substances. As a rule, this occurs at a sufficiently high temperature.
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