Which ocean is the largest and which is the smallest? Detailed answer

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Which ocean is the largest and which is the smallest? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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Which ocean is the largest and which is the smallest?

The largest of the oceans is the Pacific - its area is 178,68 million square kilometers. The Pacific Ocean occupies almost a third of the entire surface of the globe.

On the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean, all the land of the Earth, continents and islands could be accommodated, and there would still be free space. This ocean, sometimes called the Great Ocean for good reason, accounts for half of the total water mass on Earth.

The smallest of the oceans is the Arctic Ocean. Its area is only 14,75 million square kilometers.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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Lunar Vacuum Cleaner 01.09.2020

Scientists from the University of Colorado Bowler have come up with a "vacuum cleaner" for the moon. Their method is based on an electron beam that "removes" dust from surfaces.

Fine dust that appears on the surface of the moon can stick to astronauts' spacesuits, solar panels and various equipment. This problem worries specialists so much that it is considered as one of the technical obstacles for future lunar missions.

Small as powder, particles are able to cut like glass. They are difficult to remove even after intensive cleaning, and Harrison Jack Schmitt, who went to the moon in 1972, even developed "moon hay fever". Inside the ship, the dust smelled like burnt gunpowder.

Now the researchers have proposed a new method of dealing with such dust. Recent studies on electrostatic dust lifting have shown that the emission and absorption of secondary electrons or photoelectrons within microcavities formed between dust particles can cause significant negative charges to accumulate on the surrounding particles. Subsequent repulsive forces between these particles can cause them to be released from the surface. In their experiments, small particles of a "moon simulator" with a diameter of less than 25 micrometers were used.

The new technology is able to turn the electric charges on dust particles into a weapon against them. If you act on a layer of lunar dust with a stream of electrons (electron beams), its surface will collect additional negative charges. And if you add charges to the gaps between the particles, they will immediately begin to repel each other - like two identical poles of a magnet.

The physicists tested their idea with a vacuum chamber, into which they immersed materials coated with "moon dust simulant". After aiming the beam, dust particles began to bounce and bounce. The method worked on a variety of surfaces, including suit material and glass.

The scientists were able to clean dust-covered tissues and objects by an average of 75-85% in about 50-100 seconds (depending on the layer thickness) with optimized electron beam parameters (about 230 eV, minimum current density - from 1,5 to 3 μA / cm2 ).

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