Car starter charger. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Car starter charger. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Batteries, chargers

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It takes a long time to start a car with a worn out battery in winter. The density of the electrolyte after long-term storage is significantly reduced, the occurrence of coarse-grained sulfation increases the internal resistance of the battery, reducing its starting current. In addition, the viscosity of engine oil increases in winter, which requires more starting power from the starting current source.

There are several ways out of this situation:

warm up the oil in the crankcase;
"light up" from another car with a good battery;
start "from the pusher";
wait for warming.
use a starter charger (ROM).

The latter option is most preferable when storing the car in a paid parking lot or in a garage, where there is a network connection. The ROM will allow not only to start the car, but also to quickly restore and charge more than one battery.

In most industrial ROMs, the starter battery is recharged from a low-power power supply (rated current - 3 ... 5 A), which is not enough for direct current selection by the car starter. Although the capacity of the internal ROM starter batteries is very large (up to 240 Ah), after several starts they all the same, they "sit down", but it is impossible to quickly restore their charge. The mass of such a block exceeds 200 kg, so it is not easy to roll it up to the car with two people.

The starting charger-recovery device (PZVU), proposed by the laboratory "Automation and Telemechanics" of the Irkutsk Center for Technical Creativity of Youth, differs from the factory prototype in a small mass and automatically maintains the battery in working condition, regardless of storage time and time of use. Even in the absence of an internal battery, the ROMVU is capable of briefly delivering an inrush current of up to 100 A. The regeneration mode is an alternation of current pulses and pauses equal in time, which speeds up the recovery of the plates and reduces the electrolyte temperature with a decrease in the emission of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen into the atmosphere.

The starting charger circuit (Fig. 1) consists of a triac voltage regulator (VS1), a power transformer (T1), a power diode rectifier (VD3, VD4) and a starter battery (GB1). The buffer charging current is set by the current regulator on the triac VS1, the current of which, depending on the capacity of the batteries, is set by the variable resistor R2. The input and output circuits of the device contain filter capacitors that reduce the level of interference during the operation of the triac regulator. The VS1 triac allows you to adjust the charging current when the voltage on the primary winding of the transformer changes from 180 to 220 V. Deeper regulation leads to an increase in the level of interference.

(click to enlarge)

The triac enable node consists of an RC target R1-R2-C3. dinistor VD2 and diode bridge VD1 The time constant of the RC circuit determines the moment of opening the dinistor (relative to the beginning of the half-cycle of the mains voltage) included in the diagonal of the bridge through the limiting resistor R4. The bridge allows you to synchronize the switching on of the triac in both half-cycles of the mains voltage. In the "Regeneration" mode, one half-cycle of the mains voltage is used, which makes it possible to clean the battery plates from crystallization that has arisen. Capacitors C1. C2 reduce the level of interference from the triac in the network to acceptable limits.

The power transformer T1 is used from the Rubin color TV (with copper windings). It is also possible to use a transformer with aluminum windings (TCA-270 type). The winding leads are the same in both cases. Before rewinding the secondary windings (the primary ones remain unchanged), the frames are separated from the iron, all secondary windings (up to the screen foil) are removed, and tightly wound with a 1.8 copper wire in the vacated space. 2.0 mm2 in one layer (before filling) secondary windings.

In this case, the voltage of one winding is 15 ... 17 V. By connecting two windings in a series circuit, you can get twice the voltage. The common point of the windings is connected to the "-" battery bus, the terminals (6. 8) - to the SA4 mode switch and to the VD4 diode.

To control the charging and starting current in the "+" bus circuit, a shunt RS1 is installed with a PA1 device rated for a maximum current of 100 A. The HL1 and HL2 indication LEDs indicate the presence of voltage in the primary and secondary circuits. The mains switch SA1 is designed for a current of 10 A. The mains voltage switch SA2 (type ТЗ or П1Т) allows you to set the maximum voltage on the transformer in accordance with the mains voltage. The internal battery of the GB1 device is connected to the "+" bus through a removable jumper E1. For 3.. 5 simultaneous starts, a 6ST45 or 6ST50 battery is enough. Resistors in PZVU - type MLT or SP. capacitors C1. C2 - KBG-MP (with three leads), C3 - MBGO. C4 - K50-12, K50-6. Diodes D160 (without radiators) can be replaced with any with a permissible current of at least 50 A, a triac - of the TS type.

Connections of secondary circuits must be made with a copper bus with a cross section of at least 16 mm2, primary circuits - with a stranded wire with a cross section of 2 mm2. The connection of the ROMV to the car battery is carried out with powerful Crocodile clips (for a working current of up to 200 A). To connect to the network, a three-core cable in cold-resistant vinyl insulation for a current of up to 10 A is used. The device must have a ground terminal.

The device is assembled in a case with dimensions of 360x220x260 mm (Fig. 2), the starter battery is installed nearby. All radio components, except for those installed on the front panel, are mounted on a textolite plate 2 mm thick.

Car jump start charger

When setting up, the assembled device is connected (in the correct polarity!) The internal battery GB1, and the adjustment of the charging current by resistor R2 is checked. Further, the charging current is controlled in the charge, start and regeneration modes. If it does not exceed 10 ... 12 A. then the PVV is normal

When the device is connected to the car battery, the current should first increase by 2 ... 3 times, and after 10 ... 30 minutes, decrease to its original value (due to pre-charging the batteries) Then the SA3 switch is switched to the "Start" mode, and the engine starts car. If it was not possible to start, an additional recharge is carried out during the same time, and the attempt is repeated. After winding, the clips are removed from the battery and fixed on an insulated stand to eliminate accidental shorting.

The internal battery switch SA4 switches to regeneration mode with a current within 0,02C (C is the capacity of the battery GB1).

Literature

V.Konovalov, A.Razgildeev. Battery recovery. - Radioworld. 2005. No. 3. From 7.
V.Konovalov. Measurement of RH AB. - Radiomir, 2004. No. 8. P.14.
V.Konovalov. Charger and recovery device for Ni-Cd batteries. - Radio, 2006. No. 3, C53.

Author: V.Konovalov, Irkutsk

See other articles Section Automobile. Batteries, chargers.

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