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The great Pan is dead!

Ancient Greek and Roman mythology

Phraseologism: The great Pan is dead!

Meaning: The end, the collapse of one historical era and the beginning of another.

Origin: From the legend set forth by the ancient Greek historian Plutarch (c. 45-127) in his work "On the Decline of the Oracles" (ch. 17). Once, during the reign of Emperor Tiberius, a ship with cargo and people was sailing from the Peloponnese (Greece) to Italy. When he passed the island of Paxos, from the shore someone called out to the Egyptian Farmuz, the helmsman of the ship. He responded, and an unknown voice told him that when the ship would pass another island - Palodes, he announced there that "the great Pan had died." The helmsman did so, and from the direction of Palodes he immediately heard wailing and wailing. According to ancient Greek mythology, Pan was a god, the patron of herds and shepherds, and later was considered a deity who guarded all nature. Therefore, when the incident was reported to Rome, the emperor Tiberius and the whole city were in great turmoil. Tiberius, according to Plutarch, gathered a council of learned men to explain to him what this meant and what might follow from this. They said that Pan, being the son of the god Hermes and the mortal woman Penelope, cannot possess the immortality of the gods, therefore his death is not a violation of the order of things and no catastrophes should be expected. Later, Christian historians began to see special symbolism in this episode. Since it was in the era of Tiberius that Christianity began to supplant paganism in Rome, the exclamation announcing the death of the pagan god began to be interpreted as the defeat of the false faith and the affirmation of the true faith. It was in this vein that Francois Rabelais conveyed this legend in his novel "Gargantua and Pantagruel" and thereby greatly contributed to the popularization of this legend. Subsequently, some historians of antiquity began to believe that this exclamation, which sounded like "Famuz ho panmegas tefneke", was simply misinterpreted. "Famuz" in this case is the Syrian name of the god Adonis, "panmegas" means "greatest", and the exclamation and lamentation itself are only rituals, components of his cult. The accidental similarity of the name of the god and the helmsman became the cause of the misunderstanding. The German poet Heinrich Heine, learning about the July Revolution of 1830 in France, exclaimed: "The great pagan Pan is dead!", referring to the collapsed power of the Bourbons.

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