Wood splitter. Drawing, description

TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
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Wood splitter. Drawing, description

Tools and mechanisms for agriculture

Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture

In the well-known encyclopedia of the century before last "Industry and Technology", in the volume concerning the "processing of fibrous substances", which is wood, it is said that "in works on the division of wood, ... splitting matters." And further: "a wedge-shaped tool unbends the separated parts of the tree; here the tree breaks at a distance greater than the tool can penetrate."

There is an unusual number of types of axes. But for splitting, the cleaver is most suitable. It's not just about its larger mass, longer swing handle. The main thing is in the sharper blade, in sharpening. Scientists have found that the optimal value of its sharpening is 40 ° -60 °. In this case, the side surfaces of the blade work, helping to separate the block, directing tensile forces in different directions, delaminating it into parts.

The principle of operation of a mechanical cleaver is no different from "manual splitting". But here, too, the blade must approach the block exactly parallel to its longitudinal fibers, otherwise the ax will simply get stuck in the tree. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure reliable stability, first of all, of the frame of the mechanism, along which the movement of its main parts takes place.

Therefore, a relatively powerful I-beam No. 18U with dimensions of 90x90x10 mm was chosen as the frame for the fixed guide of the wood splitter. On one side of it there is a splitting knife, on the other - a pusher acting from a power hydraulic cylinder with a pump and an electric motor. It would be desirable, besides, that the mechanism could be moved from place to place. To do this, it must have wheels on the front and rear pillars.

A block of wood moves along the bed with a hydraulic cylinder towards the splitting knife. This part was made from a steel blank (steel 45) with dimensions of 400x80x50 mm and sharpened on emery at 60 ° on the tip. At one end of the I-beam bed - on its upper shelf - I made a cutout, inserted a splitter vertically and welded it securely to both shelves.

At the other end of the bed, I welded a hydraulic cylinder stand. It was made from a channel with dimensions of 180x70x9 mm and a height of 400 mm. On its inner side, for mounting the hydraulic cylinder, I already welded a circular flange with four holes for bolts with a diameter of 14 mm. In its center is a hole for the passage of a cylinder rod with a diameter of 60 mm.

Wood splitter scheme: 1 - knife; 2 - pusher; 3 - hydraulic cylinder rod; 4 - hydraulic cylinder stand (channel 180x70x9); 5 - power hydraulic cylinder, stroke 600 mm (Ø90); 6 - mounting flange; 7 - control distributor; 8 - guide corners (50x50); 9 - electric motor 3,5 kW; 10 - oil pump drive NSh 32; 11 - front support; 12 - oil tank (20 l); 13 - brand base (90x90x 10); 14 - holder for guide corners (150x40x5); 15 - rear support

Wood splitter
Pusher. Connection with hydraulic cylinder rod, rod diameter 50 mm

Wood splitter
Knife and pusher on the frame. On the sides of the frame are placed guide corners with dimensions of 50x50 mm

Wood splitter
Pusher, rod and flange for attaching the hydraulic cylinder to the rear rack

The pusher is made of steel sheet 10 mm thick. First, I cut out a board with dimensions of 150x300 mm and vertically welded two figured racks with dimensions of 270x150 mm with a side cut to it. I drilled a hole with a diameter of 30 mm for the finger of the hydraulic cylinder rod. Thus, the pusher itself could be connected to the power cylinder.

For the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, I picked up an electric motor of 3,5 kW with 1500 rpm. As it turned out, the power of the motor in the work was quite enough. From it I threw a belt pulley to the pump drive NSh 12 - an oil pump, geared with dimensions of 146x159x137 mm. Both placed on the edge of the wood splitter under the cylinder rack. An oil tank with a capacity of 20 liters was fixed under the bed in its center.

In order for the chump not to fall off the bed, along it on both sides at a distance of 90 mm, it was necessary to stretch guide corners with dimensions of 50x50 mm. They are mounted on three pairs of 40x5 mm holders bent at a right angle, which are welded to the bottom shelf of the brand.

The mechanism is controlled using the R-80 distributor from the MTZ tractor. True, somewhat modernized: removed from it the balls that lock the lever for security purposes.

Wood splitter
Pusher

Cylinder rack (click to enlarge)

Wood splitter
Rear pillar channel, 180x70x9 mm. Connecting the oil pump hose to the hydraulic cylinder

Assembling the right wood splitter assembly. In the foreground, the R-80 control distributor from the MTZ tractor

Wood splitter
Electric motor and oil pump NSh 32 are connected by a belt pulley

Now, if the lever is released, it returns to its original position.

The stroke of the hydraulic cylinder rod is 600 mm, so blocks of 40 - 50 cm long can be placed on the frame. They split into two parts, but it is also possible to put a four-bladed knife.

The front and rear supports - on wheels - are made of pipes with a diameter of 50 mm. They are also welded to brand shelves.

A wood splitter of this design has been working on harvesting firewood for the house for four years without interruption. There were no breakdowns, and there was nothing special to break in it.

Author: R.Vlasov

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