telegraph controller. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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telegraph controller. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Civil radio communications

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It has become commonplace for many radio amateurs, working in the telegraph, to use a computer to generate Morse code. Transmitting the telegraph from the keyboard, they believe, is beautiful and convenient. But not everyone who wants to work this way will have a computer or a place in the room where it could be put together with a radio station. And for those who like to work in the field, it is not very convenient to drag a bulky computer into the field, which also consumes a lot of power. As a result of the search for a solution to this problem, the proposed device appeared.

Construction and details

The telegraph controller has two versions and is manufactured on Atmel microcontrollers AT90S2323 or AT90S2313. In both versions, the buffer size is 112 bytes, the size of non-volatile memory for macros is 128 bytes. The controller is capable of generating text in Morse code at a speed of 30 to 180 characters per minute, and there is also the possibility of automatic transmission of the QSO number. The device is connected to the transceiver through a socket for a simple (vertical) key.

The device diagrams are extremely simple (Fig. 1 and 2): the controller, the body kit necessary for it and the galvanic isolation circuit. Two outputs of the DD1 controller are connected to the keyboard (PBO - CLOCK, PB1 - DATA), the third one (PB2) is used as an output for transmitting the telegraph code. The stabilizer on the DA1 chip allows you to power the device with a voltage of 7,5 ... 15 V. Diodes VD1 and VD2 serve to protect against incorrect connection.

telegraph controller

The topology of printed circuit boards for each of the options is shown in Fig. 3 and 4.

telegraph controller

The VT1 transistor can be replaced by any of the KT315 series, and the diodes can be replaced by any sufficiently powerful ones (the current consumed by the keyboard can be hundreds of milliamps). In the absence of a quartz resonator for the specified frequency, it can be replaced by any other with a frequency of 1 to 10 MHz. The decoupling circuit diagram is not fundamental, it is only necessary to remember that the maximum controller output current is 40 mA.

Connector XS2 - five-pin (for example, from an old domestic audio tape recorder). Connector XS1 can be 2-pin (for older AT keyboards) or PS/1. The XP5 connector can be used, for example, used to connect cables of external COM ports from any old computer motherboard. It will be possible to connect to it both Altera Byte Blaster and a simple programmer in the form of five wires connected to the LPT port in accordance with the one shown in Fig. XNUMX scheme.

telegraph controller

Firmware files for the microcontroller

For programming, I recommend using the AVReal program, ln.com.ua/~real/avreal. The command line for programming via the LPT1 port with the five-wire programmer of the AT90S2323 and AT90S2313 controllers, respectively, will look like this:

avreal -p1 -az +90S2323 -ewv -c cwkbd-2323. hex

avreal -p1 -az +90S2313 -ewv -c cwkbd-2313.hex

Working with the telegraph controller

For easier understanding of working with the device, the names of the keys on the keyboard will be highlighted in italics, and the text given as an example will be written in CAPITAL letters.

Logic. The logic of the controller is similar to the work of the N6TR program, but it is possible to transfer Russian letters. The CapsLock key is used to switch layouts (languages). The speed is changed with the PageUp (increase) and PageDown (decrease) keys. The transfer can be interrupted at any time by pressing Esc. Some character keys are "endowed" with complex signals (combinations). Their values are given in table. 1.

telegraph controller

Memory. The controller's non-volatile memory (128 bytes) is used to store frequently used messages (macros). These can be your own callsign, general call, transmitted number, etc. The F1 - F5 keys are used to play messages. The amount of memory (in characters) allocated for each of the keys is given in Table. 2.

telegraph controller

Macro recording is done as follows (after connecting to an audio signal generator or transceiver):

Press the "~" (aka "e") key. You will hear 'REC - record mode.
Press the key corresponding to the cell in which you want to write the message. You will hear "R" (if the cell is ready to be written) or "?" (in case of failure). In case of failure, the recording will be aborted.
Next, you need to type the text (no more than the volume indicated in Table 2) and press the Enter key. If the operation is successful, the controller will send "OK". If the amount of text entered exceeds the allowed limit, "AR" will sound and the recording will end.
You can listen to the recorded by pressing the key of the corresponding cell.

Cell F5 is recommended to be used to store your call sign, as it can be used when recording other messages. For example, a general call macro (cells F1 through F4) could be written as:

CQ CQ CQ DE F5 F5 F5 CQ PSE K

The F6 key cannot be reprogrammed. It stores the macro "DE F5".

QSO Number. For more comfortable work in competitions, there is a function for counting QSO numbers (up to 10000). To play it, use the F8 key. The number can be inserted into message macros (cells F1 - F4) in the same way as the callsign (F5). The PrintScreen key is used to increase the number by one. The number is reset when the power is turned off. To set the start number:

Press the ScrollLock key.
To the question "NR" you need to enter the number and press the Enter key.

For example, here is a possible configuration of macros for competitions:

Cell F1 ("general call"): CQ TEST DE F5 F5 F5 TEST

Cell F2 ("Hello, your number"): GE UR 5NN F8

Box F3 ("Accepted", number update, "all call"): QSL PrintScreen F5 TEST

Cell F4 ("Hello, number for you", number update): GE UR 5NN F8 PrintScreen

Box F5 (Call Sign): RK3DOV

Author: Anton Babushkin (RK3DOV), Kolomna, Moscow region

See other articles Section Civil radio communications.

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