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New way to detect tsunami

25.04.2022

Japanese scientists have proposed a new approach to tsunami detection, which is to monitor muons.

Muons are high-energy elementary particles that are created by cosmic rays arriving from outer space. They are everywhere in the atmosphere and can pass harmlessly through almost anything. However, they can be very slightly displaced in their path by large natural forces, including tsunamis.

In order to detect the movements of muons, an incredibly sensitive instrument is required - TS-HKMSSD. He first detected tsunami waves through muon ripples.

"The Tokyo Bay Hyperkilometer Underwater Depth Detector is the world's first underwater muon observatory to detect various muon activity during a tsunami," said geophysicist Hiroyuki Tanaka of the University of Tokyo in Japan.

This variation is consistent with ocean waves that have been measured by other methods. Consolidation of readings means that muographic data can be used to accurately model sea level changes, bypassing other methods that have drawbacks.

A new study describes the TS-HKMSDD system that detected a weak tsunami that passed through Tokyo Bay in September 2021, caused by a typhoon approaching Japan from the south. As the ocean swelled, the number of muons slightly changed, scattered throughout the volume of water.

The same instruments could be installed in other tunnels in tsunami-prone areas and used in conjunction with equipment such as sea level sensors as part of early warning systems.

The muon detectors included with TS-HKMSSD are actually quite small, about two meters long. Currently, 20 of them are located next to the Tokyo Bay Road Tunnel, working together to create a common system. Such a system can be used not only to detect approaching tsunamis, but also to search for natural gas reserves and identify patterns of ancient earthquakes.

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