Liquid level sensor. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Indicators, detectors
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This device differs from all known water level sensors in simplicity, efficiency, small overall dimensions and, what is very important, the absence of contact bounce. The advantage of this sensor is that even a novice radio amateur can repeat and adjust it.
The level sensor is indispensable in the automation of water towers, watering systems in farms, and in any other cases when it is required to control the level of liquids.
The sensor works like this. When power is supplied to the circuit and there is no water in the reservoir (if its level is below the “b” mark), relay K1 is de-energized and power is supplied through contact K1.3 to the collector motor or the switching magnetic starter PMA. When water is pumped into the container to level "b", relay K1 will work and turn off the electric motor, starter or electromagnetic water shut-off valve with its contacts. Relay K1 blocks the system through electrode E2 and from that moment the pump will turn on only when the water level drops below the “g” mark, and turn off when the water touches electrode E1.
By changing the distance AB, you can adjust the sensor for any working conditions. In the design of the author, a metal tank is used, but if the tank is made of a dielectric, it is necessary to install a third electrode, which must be connected to the negative bus of the power source and located at the bottom of the tank.
Details in the circuit must be applied with a margin of safety. For example, it is better to use a transformer 1,5 - 2 times the rated power. Capacitors C1 - K60-6, K50-35, C2 - MBM, C3 - KSO, resistors - MLT 0,125. The installation was carried out in a "hinged" way. The values of the resistors during tuning can change: for R1 - from 75k to 150k, for R2 - 820 to 2,2 k. The relay is any low-power, small-sized, the author has REN-18, but you can also use the RES-9 type. The KTs405 diode bridge can be replaced with D226 diodes. If the level sensor is used in cold regions, electrolytic capacitors are better to use frost-resistant oxide-semiconductor capacitors (K53 type). Electrodes E1 and E2 are made in the form of rods with a length of 100 mm and 500 mm, respectively, although these dimensions are not critical and may be different, depending on the dimensions of the container used.
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