Conductor materials. Aluminum. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Conductor materials. Aluminum. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical materials

The characteristic properties of pure aluminum are:

low specific gravity;
low melting point;
high thermal and electrical conductivity;
high plasticity;
very high latent heat of fusion;
a strong, albeit very thin, oxide film covering the surface of the metal and protecting it from the penetration of oxygen inside.

Low density makes aluminum the basis of lightweight structural materials; high ductility makes it possible to apply all types of pressure treatment to aluminum and obtain from it sheets, rods, wire, pipes, the thinnest foil, deep-drawn stamped parts, etc.

Good electrical conductivity ensures the widespread use of aluminum in electrical engineering. Since the density of aluminum is 3,3 times lower than that of copper, and the resistivity is only 1,7 times higher than that of copper, then aluminum per unit mass has twice the conductivity of copper.

A strong oxide film quickly covers a fresh cut of metal already at room temperature, providing aluminum with high resistance to corrosion in atmospheric conditions.

Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other gases in the air of industrial areas do not have a noticeable effect on the rate of aluminum corrosion. The effect of water vapor on aluminum is also insignificant. In contact with most metals and alloys, which are noble in the electrochemical potential range, aluminum serves as an anode and, therefore, its corrosion in electrolytes will progress.

To avoid the formation of galvanic couples in a humid atmosphere, the junction of aluminum with other metals is sealed with varnish or in another way.

Long-term tests of aluminum wires have shown that they are not inferior to copper wires in terms of corrosion resistance.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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