Alternating and direct current generators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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Alternators
Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The rotating rotor of the generator is located in a magnetic field; on its surface there is a winding in which an emf is induced. If a resistor is connected to the ends of the winding, a current will arise in it. This is a description of the operating principle of a simple alternator.
But the design of this type of electrical machine must be much more complex, because quite high voltage is taken from its terminals. In this regard, it is necessary to make a large number of turns of the winding and connect them together in a special way.
However, with a stationary inductor and rotating coils, operation of the generator becomes cumbersome and inconvenient. This phenomenon occurs because using moving contacts it is very problematic to take the generated energy from the generator, since the current has a high voltage, due to which the contacts begin to spark.
In this regard, in alternating current generators the winding is stationary, and the inductor rotates. The stationary part of the machine was called the stator, and the moving part was called the rotor.
Typically the stator is made of sheet steel. This is done in order to suppress eddy currents. Windings are installed on the magnetic poles of the rotor, conducting electric current, which is supplied to the windings through brushes and rings from an external current source.
The frequency of the current generated by the alternator is 50 Hz.
DC generators
These machines are simple induction generators with a collector. The commutator converts the alternating voltage on the brushes to direct voltage.
Author: Smirnova L.N.
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