Installations for biofuel combustion. Burning wood waste. Scheme, description

Free technical library

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Schemes of radio-electronic and electrical devices

Installations for biofuel combustion. Burning wood waste. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

Comments on the article

Shredded wood waste (bark, wood chips, sawdust) has a dry mass combustion calorific value of 18.20 MJ/kg. After mechanical dehydration in wringers, they have a moisture content W^P = 55...60% and calorific value of about 6 MJ/kg. Waste is usually incinerated in waste heat boilers equipped with slab furnaces with inclined grates. Heated air is supplied under the grate. On an inclined grate, due to the radiant heat perceived from the flue gases, the waste is heated, dried and ignited, and then the release and combustion of volatile substances - CO, H₂, hydrocarbons. The coke residue is afterburned on a moving mechanical chain grate.

Oil or gas burners are used to kindle the boiler and ensure stable combustion. Flue gases leaving the boiler are used for waste drying. By reducing the humidity of the waste to 40%, the efficiency and stability of the boiler increase, the consumption of fuel oil or gas decreases

At pulp and paper mills, along with the production of cellulose, the technology of thermochemical processing of wood waste is used to obtain sugars and resins, on the basis of which fodder yeast and industrial alcohols are produced. A by-product of this production is lignin, including polysaccharides, phenolic groups, and resins. The original lignin is a wet mass containing up to 65% water, 21% carbon, 2% hydrogen, 1,4% sulfur. The calorific value of dry matter is about 20 MJ/kg. The output of lignin in the pulp and paper industry in Russia is about 5 million tons per year.

Lignin is burned in chamber furnaces of steam boilers equipped with fan mills. The fuel is pre-dried with heated air and exhaust gases from the boiler.

Close to lignin properties are black liquor containing about 60% organic matter. Dry liquor has a calorific value of about 16 MJ/kg. The liquor is sprayed with mechanical coarse spray nozzles in the chamber furnaces of the boilers. After evaporation from moisture droplets, fine particles stick together into coked granules, which are called cinder in operation. The cinder falls on the bottom of the furnace, so combustion occurs partly in the layer and partly in the volume of the furnace. Accordingly, a two-stage air supply to the furnace is used: primary air is supplied to the cinder layer, secondary air is supplied to the area of the nozzles. The primary air flow is 50.60% of the total flow. The released heat is partially spent on the liquor decomposition reaction (pyrolysis).

Author: Labeish V.G.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Major risk factor for gambling addiction 07.05.2024

Computer games are becoming an increasingly popular form of entertainment among teenagers, but the associated risk of gaming addiction remains a significant problem. American scientists conducted a study to determine the main factors contributing to this addiction and offer recommendations for its prevention. Over the course of six years, 385 teenagers were followed to find out what factors may predispose them to gambling addiction. The results showed that 90% of study participants were not at risk of addiction, while 10% became gambling addicts. It turned out that the key factor in the onset of gambling addiction is a low level of prosocial behavior. Teenagers with a low level of prosocial behavior do not show interest in the help and support of others, which can lead to a loss of contact with the real world and a deepening dependence on virtual reality offered by computer games. Based on these results, scientists ... >>

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Notebook Eurocom M4 with screen 13,3" 3200x1800 12.04.2014

Eurocom has announced the release of its most powerful 13,3-inch laptop to date with a resolution of 3200 x 1800 pixels (QHD+).

The Eurocom M4 comes standard with an Intel Core i7-4700MQ (Haswell) quad-core processor that can reach up to 3,4GHz, an Nvidia GeForce GTX 860M graphics accelerator (2GB GDDR5), 8GB of RAM (DDR3-1600Hz) ) and a 500 GB SHDD hybrid drive.

There is also a 2 megapixel webcam, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n modules, a card reader, USB 2.0 ports, HDMI 1.4a, VGA, Ethernet, and three USB 3.0 ports. The laptop keyboard is backlit. The battery capacity is 62,16 Wh. The operating system is not preinstalled. This modification of the Eurocom M4 laptop is estimated by the manufacturer at $1146.

There is an opportunity to install a quad-core Intel Core i7-4940MX Extreme processor (4 GHz), 16 GB of RAM (DDR3L-1866 Hz) and three drives with a total capacity of up to 3,5 TB. You can also pay extra for a Blu-ray burner, TV tuner, 802.11 ac/a/b/g/n Wi-Fi module, installation of an operating system and office software. The cost of such a configuration can exceed $4500.

The dimensions of the Eurocom M4 laptop are 330 x 227 x 31,9 mm and the weight is 2 kg. The device is already on sale.

Other interesting news:

▪ We smell not only with our nose, but also with our tongue.

▪ LT5522 - signal frequency transfer mixer

▪ Electric battery made of concrete

▪ The Milky Way is Bigger Than Thought

▪ Bluetooth 5 specification approved

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Standard instructions for labor protection (TOI). Selection of articles

▪ article Quick Freeze. History of invention and production

▪ article How did Canada get its name? Detailed answer

▪ article Work on cardboard cutting machines. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Remote switching of television programs. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Powerful laboratory power supply with OU. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews