Bluetooth 5 Specification Approved. Free Technical Library News

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Bluetooth 5 specification approved

08.12.2016

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has officially adopted the Bluetooth 5 specification, which provides further improvements to the wireless communication of the same name.

The key innovations of the approved standard compared to Bluetooth 4.2 are called a twofold increase in speed and a fourfold increase in range in Low Energy (LE) mode.

Standard mode will maintain compatibility with previous Bluetooth specifications. But at the same time, the energy efficiency of the modules will increase. In addition, the number of simultaneous connections to one module has been increased by eight times.

The Bluetooth 5 specification also includes a number of changes to reduce potential interference with other wireless communications systems.

The Bluetooth 5 standard is well suited for use in the IoT segment. By 2021, ABI Research estimates that there will be about 48 billion devices worldwide with the ability to share data over the Internet. Of these, almost a third will support Bluetooth wireless technology.

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Super solar flare could destroy all electronics on Earth 08.01.2013

Adrian Melott (Adrian Melott) from the University of Kansas at Lawrence (USA) and his colleague Brian Thomas (Brian Thomas) from Washburn University in Topeka (USA) studied the "superflare" on the Sun in the 774th century AD, whose traces were recently found in annual rings of Japanese cedars. A solar superflare in 1859 turned out to be several times more powerful than the previous record holder, the "Carrington event" of XNUMX, capable of destroying all electronic devices and electrical networks on Earth, astronomers say in an article posted in the electronic library of Cornell University.

Flashes periodically occur on the Sun - explosive episodes of energy release in the form of visible light, heat and X-rays. It is believed that the most powerful outbreak occurred in 1859 during the so-called "Carrington event". During this powerful outbreak, approximately 10 yottojoules (1025) of energy were released, which is 20 times the energy released during the meteorite impact that destroyed dinosaurs and marine reptiles.

The discoverers of the ancient outbreak, Japanese physicists led by Fusa Miyake from the University of Nagoya (Japan), considered it a so-called "superflare", the power of which exceeded all known bursts of solar activity by several orders of magnitude. Melott and Thomas tried to calculate the exact amount of energy that could have been released during the superflare in 774. To do this, scientists calculated the proportion of radioactive carbon-14 in the annual rings of cedars and determined the amount of energy that was brought to Earth by a flash. Astronomers then tried to calculate the energy of the ejection on the Sun itself by changing the area of the flare and the proportion of its matter that reached our planet.

It turned out that the flash power was two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum values predicted by their colleagues. However, this does not deprive the 774 event of the status of a "superflare". According to researchers' calculations, about 774 yottojoules (200 * 2) of energy were released on the Sun during the burst of 1026, which is 20 times more than the power of the "Carrington event".

A similar cataclysm today would lead not only to the destruction of electronics on board satellites and the Earth's surface, but also to the appearance of other anomalies. Thus, the share of ozone at the boundaries of the stratosphere and troposphere would decrease by 20% in the first months after the outbreak and would remain low for several years.

According to Melott and Thomas, this would lead to a deterioration in the health of plants and animals around the world, and an increase in the incidence of skin cancer. However, a mass extinction of flora and fauna is unlikely, which adds another argument in favor of the realism of such outbreaks. According to the authors of the article, such "superflares" can occur once every 1250 years, which underlines the importance of observing the "health" of the Sun, given their catastrophic consequences for the infrastructure of modern civilization.

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