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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
According to a survey conducted in Germany, one in five Germans do not know where a public library is located in their city. About a third of those who know have never been there, and about the same number of people last visited the library more than two years ago. According to a study conducted in China, the bone of the skull in women is 0,6 millimeters thicker than in men (7,1 versus 6,5 millimeters). According to legend, Chinese builders in ancient times kneaded a mortar for bonding stones on rice water. Restoring the city wall of the Ming period (1368-1644), archaeologists actually found rice paste in the composition of the lime. Perhaps they glued the Great Wall of China. According to German statistics, there are about 4 million illiterates in Germany. According to German statistics, up to 55 percent of car breakdowns occur in their electronics and electrical engineering. According to German statistics, if a customer liked the service in a store, cafe or bank, he tells three friends about it, if he did not like it, eleven. According to a survey commissioned by the French newspaper Liberation, almost two-thirds of French people condemn capitalism as a system of organizing society. According to a survey among UK cell phone owners, 60% of men have downloaded at least one new game to their phone in the past three months, and 52% of women have downloaded a new ringtone. According to the calculations of the American geologist Roger Hooke, the volume of land and rocks moved by mankind during its existence is almost equal to the volume of Mont Blanc. If this earth were to be poured in one heap, a mountain would be obtained with a base of 100 by 40 kilometers and a height of 4 kilometers. At the beginning of the 37th century, a billion tons of soil were moved annually, and in our time - XNUMX billion. According to the latest measurements, the ozone hole over Antarctica will close no earlier than 2065. According to the latest calculations by astronomers, the age of the universe cannot be less than 11,2 billion years and more than 20 billion years. According to statistics, the average German family only buys a new car when the old one is seven years old. According to statistics collected by scientists from the University of Münster (Germany), loud screams and support from fans of one or another team during a football match do not affect the result in any way. According to Swedish statistics, 60% of exhaust gases in this country are emitted by cars of 10% of the most active drivers. The international space station currently being created with the participation of Russia will possibly carry an ultra-precise clock to provide accurate time signals to the entire planet. In atomic clocks, time is measured by the number of vibrations of cesium atoms. On Earth, a cloud of these atoms gradually settles in a vacuum chamber, leaving the sensor's sensitivity zone. In weightlessness, cesium atoms float in place for up to 10 seconds, and the measurement accuracy is increased by a factor of 10. A microfan with a diameter of less than a millimeter has been created. If a high-voltage alternating current with a frequency of 2 kilohertz is applied to it, the fan blades, under the influence of electrostatic forces, begin to rotate at a speed of 50-180 revolutions per minute. Such fans can be located directly on the chip, cooling its components during operation. Solar power plants now satisfy only 0,01% of the energy needs of mankind (nuclear power plants - 17%). And, despite the fact that sunlight is free, electricity generated by the Sun costs five times more than nuclear energy. Salt makes sugar sweeter, according to the Center for Food Research in Surrey, England. Experienced tasters were allowed to taste sweetened water to which a little sodium chloride was added. Such water seems to be 40% sweeter than sugar water without salt. Forty major cities in the world with a population of two million or more are located within a radius of 200 kilometers from the boundaries between continental plates, where earthquakes are possible. Among them are Istanbul, Mexico City, Jakarta. Employees of the Dresden University of Technology (Germany) have found a new way to process wood. By hot pressing (pressure of 50-100 kilograms per square centimeter at 150 degrees Celsius), they turn round wood into square beams. In this case, there is no waste, the strength of wood after pressing is comparable to the strength of steel. Employees of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research in Barcelona (Spain) have developed a program that allows a computer to play the saxophone. The machine not only reads notes, but also slightly deviates from them, allowing itself to improvise, like a real jazz player. Employees of the Laboratory for the Study of Beets at the University of Wisconsin (USA) have bred a variety with a five-fold increase in the content of red pigment. When cut, this beet looks black. Its dye is about twice as expensive as synthetic dyes, but is used in hard candy, marmalade and yogurt as being completely safe and natural. Employees of the University of Sheffield (UK) have developed a system for the constant lubrication of skis. A specially formulated liquid under the pressure of the skier's weight is supplied through a valve system from a reservoir located under the ski base. Sociologists from Yale University (USA) asked 4000 people a question: what would you sacrifice to avoid obesity? Nearly half of those surveyed would agree to shorten their lives by one year. And 5% would rather have one arm or leg amputated or lose their sight than gain excess weight. The Gallup Sociological Institute has published the results of a survey of Americans regarding their belief in the so-called paranormal. It turned out that 54% of respondents believe in the healing abilities of psychics, 42% in ghosts, 36% in telepathy, 33% in visiting the Earth by aliens, and 28% in astrology. The last such survey was conducted in 1990, and since then the number of believers in all these miracles has grown (except for telepathy: the number of its supporters has not increased). Belief in ghosts grew the most - by 13%, least of all - in astrology (an increase of 3%). According to the British Society for the Study of Sleep, sleep deprivation is bad, but too much sleep is just as bad. The optimal sleep duration for an adult is 7 hours a day. Specialists from the Institute of Technical Research in Osaka (Japan) have created the world's largest liquid crystal television screen - its area of XNUMX square meters, three times larger than the largest previously produced. Boeing specialists calculated that it is more profitable for aircraft to fly in flocks, as birds do. For example, a jet liner that flies in a wedge formation from New York to Los Angeles and back 250 days a year will save from 500 to a million dollars on fuel per year. The firm is now developing automation that will make it easier for pilots to maintain formation. A comparison of the DNA of the peoples of northeast Asia and the American Indians suggests that all Indian tribes descended from only 70 people who moved from Asia to America 14 thousand years ago through the Bering Strait. Comparison of the nutritional value of eggs obtained from laying hens from a poultry farm, where they are crowded in tight cages, and from free-range hens, showed that free-range hens in eggs had one-third less cholesterol, a quarter less saturated fat, two-thirds more vitamin A, 3 times more vitamin E and 7 times more beta-carotene. Comparing the activity of approximately 12 genes active in the brains of humans and chimpanzees, a group of American geneticists found that 83 of them are significantly more active in humans. Apparently, these genes are the main difference between a person and a monkey - the mind. Comparing the number of people on Earth with the number of different species of animals of approximately the same size, English environmentalists came to the conclusion that for a normal life we should be 1000 times smaller than we are now. That is, the human population should not be six billion, but only six million. Of the 1035 drugs approved in the United States from 1989 to 2000, only a third were truly new drugs, and the rest were minor improvements to established drugs. Among American electrical workers, the suicide rate is twice the national average. It is believed that this is due to the constant exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields. Among the recently deciphered human genome was one foreign gene belonging to a common skin bacterium. Obviously, the DNA taken for analysis was contaminated - someone did not wash their hands well. The average waiting time for the execution of a death sentence in an American prison is 10,6 years. During this time, as a result of appeals and revisions of cases, serious errors of the investigation and the court are found in 68% of cases. And yet, during the 23th century, at least XNUMX people were executed by mistake in the United States. The average length of stay in a German hospital in 1991 was two weeks, and has fallen steadily since then, reaching eight and a half days by 2005. From the doctors' point of view, about 20% of patients are discharged too early. The average length of stay in a German hospital in 1991 was two weeks, and has fallen steadily since then, reaching eight and a half days by 2005. From the doctors' point of view, about 20% of patients are discharged too early. The average consumption of paper in the world is 52 kilograms per person per year. But the spread of values in different countries is enormous. So, the inhabitants of Somalia and the island of Grenada consume 20 grams of paper a year, and the Finns - 334 kilograms each. The average number of attempts to quit smoking before completely eliminating this habit is usually seven times. The average American teenager drinks more than half a liter of sugary soft drinks such as Pepsi, Sprite or Cola per day. For a year with these drinks, he absorbs more than 20 kilograms of sugar. The average American Internet user sends 16 e-mails per day. The average American worker sends and receives 21 voicemail e-mails daily. The average Englishman who buys a cell phone saves himself 16 kilometers of walking a year in search of a pay phone. The average age at which German children receive their first cell phone is nine and a half. True, 40% of them at this age are already carrying their second. The average European watches television every day for three to four hours. Where do they prefer to put the TV receiver? This question was asked by the German Consumer Research Society. In Germany and Switzerland, televisions are mostly installed in the living room (67 and 71 percent respectively), but 26 percent of Italians prefer to watch TV in the kitchen (in Germany - only one percent). Swedes tend to watch TV in the bedroom. The average inhabitant of the Earth receives about a hundred mosquito bites a year. Of course, the specific value varies greatly among people living in different natural conditions and leading different lifestyles. The average Chinese Internet user spends 14-19 hours online per week. In total, China has 160 million people who look at the global network at least once a week, and according to this indicator, the country lags behind only the United States, where there are 210 million of them. An average passenger car contains about 1000 wires with a total length of 2 kilometers and a weight of 40 kilograms. The average German buys 11 kilograms of clothes a year. The average German worker fell ill for 2003 days in 13,5. The reasons for receiving the bulletin are mainly diseases of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory tract, trauma and poisoning. The average native speaker of English uses about 800 words a day, while someone who speaks German uses about 4000. This is due to the much greater complexity of German grammar. The average English word has 2,2 inflected forms, German has 5, and French has as many as 7. The average Frenchman cycles 87 kilometers a year. Paris now has 327 kilometers of bike lanes. The average French crop farmer works 55 hours a week, but the livestock farmer works 70 hours a week. One farmer now feeds 60 people, but in 1946 he fed only five. The average French crop farmer works 55 hours a week, but the livestock farmer works 70 hours a week. One farmer now feeds 60 people, but in 1946 he fed only five. The average German family buys books for 12 euros per month (in the east of the country - 10, in the west - 13), which is 0,6% of total expenses. The average density of matter in the universe is six atoms per cubic meter. The average life expectancy in the US is 78 years. This is less than, for example, in Jordan or Cuba. The average duration of an appointment for one patient by an American doctor is 7 minutes. The average travel time for an American from home to work is 24,3 minutes. 76,3% go to work in their own car in splendid isolation, 11,2% sit down with someone or take fellow travelers themselves, ride a motorcycle 0,1%, bike - 0,4% and public transport - 5,2, XNUMX%. The rest walk or work at home. By the way, the most pedestrian state of the USA is Alaska. There are no large cities here, so most workers go to work and home on foot.
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