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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Every minute, 50 million dead skin cells are exfoliated from the surface of the human body. With the help of the Hubble Space Telescope, one hundred asteroids with a diameter of 1-3 kilometers have been discovered. Using ultrashort flashes of a laser beam, German physicists have measured the time it takes for an electron to jump from one atom to another in chemical reactions. It turned out that this jump takes 320 attoseconds. Attosecond - one quintillionth of a second (10-18 s). Since the standard kilogram was made from an alloy of platinum and iridium in 1889, which is stored with great care at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, it has become lighter by 50 micrograms (the weight of one grain of finely ground salt). The reasons for weight loss are unknown. Since the Galapagos Islands were declared a national park in 1959 (the islands belong to Ecuador), the flow of tourists to them has grown 15 times, and the population has also increased due to the staff serving tourism. Since the Internet and mobile phones connected to it made it possible to receive information anywhere and at any time, the British began to turn into a nation of bankaholics. There is a growing number of people who love to look at their bank account for nothing to do. According to a recent study, 25% of the British know their account balance to the nearest penny. 20% admitted that they regularly check their account three times a day, and 12% four times or more. Among bankaholics, there are almost twice as many men as women. With the improvement of relations between North and South Korea, the demilitarized zone between them, established in 1953 - a strip 4 km wide - can become a nature reserve. Since there was no human economic activity here for half a century, more than 2700 species of plants and animals have been preserved in no man's land. Starting this year, a ban on the use of cell phones while driving comes into force in the German traffic rules, and it will concern not only car drivers, but also motorcyclists and even cyclists. Grabbing the phone is prohibited not only while driving, but also in traffic jams, as well as while waiting in front of a red traffic light or a closed barrier. Since January 2005, every new house built in Spain must be equipped with a solar water heater, which saves fuel for domestic hot water and heating. The highest death rate from road traffic accidents in Europe is in Portugal: about 220 deaths per million per year. The lowest is in England and Sweden: less than 80. In total, in the countries of the European Union, more than 40 thousand people die on the roads every year, 1 thousand are injured. The highest life expectancy in the world is observed in France: 75,2 years for men and 82,7 for women. The most attractive country for tourists is France. About 80 million tourists visit it annually, and their income is 6,5% of GDP. In second place - Spain, in third - the United States. The oldest star found on the outskirts of our galaxy. Judging by the amount of some radioactive elements in it, it ignited 13,2 billion years ago, while the age of the universe is estimated at 13,7 billion years. The most well-fed country in Europe is Greece. Out of a hundred residents, 33 are overweight here. In second place is Great Britain (29), in third is Portugal (28 people out of 100). The most frequently performed surgical operation in France is the removal of a cataract, it has overtaken in frequency even the removal of the appendix. The dirtiest place in the apartment is the refrigerator. As established by microbiologists from the University of Arizona (USA), it contains an average of 11,4 million microorganisms per square centimeter of shelf surface. On the floor in the kitchen - 10 thousand, on the cutting board in the kitchen - 1000, on the surface of the desk - 7000, on the keyboard of a home computer - 500, and on the toilet seat - only 100. By 2040 at the latest, the US population will surpass that of Western Europe. The most sensitive photographic film needs 10 to 30 photons to show a dark spot on the emulsion after development. French chemists introduced formic acid compounds into the emulsion, and as a result, the new film reacts already to 15 photons. The oldest ice sample, apparently about a million years old, was obtained by Japanese glaciologists by drilling a three-kilometer well in the Antarctic ice sheet. From the air bubbles in the thickness of the ice, it will be possible to find out the composition of the atmosphere at that distant time. The smallest snowflake was synthesized by American chemists. It consists of only six water molecules. The largest and oldest of the meteorite craters on the surface of the Earth was discovered in South Africa. Its diameter is 250-300 kilometers, and it arose 2,1 billion years ago from the impact of a meteorite, the diameter of which was 5-10 kilometers. The largest TV with a liquid crystal screen was demonstrated at one of the electronics exhibitions by the Japanese company Sharp. The screen diagonal is 274 centimeters, or 108 inches, which exceeds the previous record held by Panasonic by 13 centimeters. The largest TV with a liquid crystal screen was demonstrated at one of the electronics exhibitions by the Japanese company Sharp. The screen diagonal is 274 centimeters, or 108 inches, which exceeds the previous record held by Panasonic by 13 centimeters. The largest consumer of cigarettes in the world is China. More than 1,2 million Chinese die each year from the effects of smoking. The steepest underwater ledge was found 1600 kilometers south of the Cape of Good Hope. At a distance of 16 kilometers, the depth increases here from 160 to 6100 meters. The smallest transistor was created by IBM. Its diameter is six nanometers, which is ten times smaller than the transistors used in the most modern Pentiums. But while this is a piece product, a mass production method has not yet been developed. The most powerful supercomputer in the world, built by IBM for the Livermore Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, set a performance record: 207,3 trillion floating-point operations per second. The most common form of transport in France is the elevator. French elevators carry at least 60 million passengers a day. Meanwhile, 65 percent of the lifts are over 20 years old, and some have been operating since the 2000th century. About 200 elevator accidents are registered annually, of which about XNUMX have serious consequences and even victims. The most sensitive barometer was designed by specialists from the French Commissariat for Atomic Energy. The device notices a change in atmospheric pressure corresponding to a change in its height of only two millimeters. A network of 60 such barometers will be deployed to record possible violations of the international treaty banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere. Scotland is considered the windiest region in Europe. A quarter of all European wind energy resources are concentrated here. The most powerful supercomputer is Janus, installed at the Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque (USA). It contains 9216 Pentium microprocessors working in parallel. The north magnetic pole, which has been in Canada for many centuries, has shifted into international waters north of Alaska and is moving towards Russia. Now 17 percent of the electricity produced in the world comes from hydroelectric power plants. There are now 155 million refugees in the world, displaced from their homes by wars, natural disasters and grand construction projects. There are as many phone calls in the world today as there were in all of 1983, before the advent of mobile phones. There are as many phone calls in the world today as there were in all of 1983, before the advent of mobile phones. There are currently 13 known volcanoes in the United States that are ready to erupt at any moment. It was decided to exclude the gray wolf from the US Red Book. Now the number of wolves in the country has approached five thousand. Previously, the brown pelican (1985), the American alligator (1987), the Arctic peregrine falcon (1994), the gray whale (1994), the American peregrine falcon (1999) and the Aleutian Canada goose (2001) were removed from the list of protected areas. Allosaurus fragilis dinosaur skeleton found in Portugal. Previously, the remains of this large predator were found only in the western states of the United States. The find testifies that in the Jurassic period it was possible to cross from America to Europe by land. How many types of cheese are there in France? The last census was conducted in the late 70s of the last century and gave 450 names. But varieties named after the place of production (names controlled by origin), such as, for example, Roquefort, produced only in the town of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon, are only 42 in the whole of France. How long does it take for a modern supertanker to stop? Moving at maximum speed (16 knots, that is, about 30 kilometers per hour), the tanker, turning off the engine, will stop in an hour. When engine braking (reverse), it will stop after about 20 minutes. But during emergency braking, the loads on the turbines and transmissions are so great that they can be irreversibly damaged. How many broadcast radio stations are there on Earth? Complete statistics, oddly enough, do not exist. There are more than 14 stations in the USA, 000 in Brazil, about 5000 in Europe, and more than 3000 in Indonesia. In total, there should be about 700 broadcast radio stations on Earth. The speed of the air flow in the nose during quiet breathing is 2,4 kilometers per hour, and when sneezing - 170 kilometers per hour. The footprints left by American astronauts on the lunar dust will disappear in about a hundred years. It has been found that dust is constantly stirred by sharp temperature fluctuations on the surface of the Moon, when it is either illuminated by the Sun or hidden in the shadows. The word catalyst is written in Chinese using the character for matchmaker. The death penalty is used in 12 of the 50 North American states. Over the past 20 years, the homicide rate in these 12 states has been twice that of the rest of the states, raising doubts about the usefulness of such a measure in preventing serious crime. The death rate from road traffic accidents in Western Europe is 11 people per year per hundred thousand people, and in African countries - 28 people. This is attributed to the rising standard of living in many African countries: the number of cars on the roads is growing, with a lagging road infrastructure and poor awareness of the population about road safety rules. By the way, in Russia, about 25 people die on the roads every year for every one hundred thousand of the population. Having simulated the physiology of the brachiosaurus on a computer, the German biologist Hans-Christian Gunga calculated that the giant weighed 74,4 tons (it was previously believed that the weight of the brachiosaurus was 50 tons), consumed 360 kilograms of plant food per day. The heart muscle, which pumped blood to the brain through an eight-meter neck, weighed 386 kilograms. Blood pressure reached almost one atmosphere (about 450 millimeters of mercury). The volume of blood in the body was 3659 liters, the volume of the lungs was almost 6 cubic meters. Snow on top of Mont Blanc, Europe's highest mountain, is 80 times more radioactive than on other Alpine mountains. This is due to the seepage of radon from cracks in the granite. Since the reunification of Germany, the all-German emission of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere has decreased by more than two-thirds, carbon dioxide - by 12 percent, dust - by one and a half million tons. This is due to the closure and reconstruction of many East German enterprises. After collecting data on 2600 cases of human bites by dogs, scientists at the University of Athens came to the conclusion that the phases of the moon do not affect the aggressiveness of dogs. A modern car contains 15-20 kilograms of different adhesives. A modern car contains about 1400 plastic parts with a total weight of 70 kilograms. Reducing the weight of cars allows Western Europe to save 12 million tons of fuel annually, although 3,25 million tons of oil is spent annually on the production of all these polymers. According to English statistics, a single person living in a separate apartment consumes 55% more electricity than it falls on one tenant in an average family of four. This is explained by the fact that in the family, lighting and the operation of ordinary electrical appliances - refrigerators, air conditioners, heaters, electric stoves and others - are decomposed into four. According to the International Labor Organization, every 15 seconds on Earth someone dies due to negligence in the workplace. According to the Intergovernmental Commission on Climate Change, fluoro- and chlorocarbons contained in the upper atmosphere increase the heat flux to the Earth's surface by 0,34 watts per square meter. If in 1987 the use of freons and other similar compounds had not been limited by an international treaty, their heating effect would now be almost twice as large. In the decade from 1990 to 2000, forest area decreased by 9,4 million hectares annually, according to the UN.
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