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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Avian flu has killed 23 rare tigers and sickened 30 more at a private nursery in Thailand. The animals were fed chickens slaughtered due to the bird flu epidemic. A bird the size of a sparrow, the American white-headed bunting, during the flight, does without sleep for up to two weeks. The Sahara Desert is not 86 years old, as previously thought, but at least seven million years old. French geologists have discovered underground in the Republic of Chad sand dunes that have been compacted for millions of years, dating back to the Upper Miocene. However, not all these millions of years there was a desert here, sometimes wet times came. A fifth of all fish in the world are caught illegally, according to the World Conservation Union. Fifteen years ago, the average sentence length for television presenters and commentators in Germany was 60 words, while in spoken German a typical phrase contains an average of 14 words. However, German television is becoming more dynamic, and now the length of phrases has approached everyday life. Five percent of adult patients admitted to hospitals in Washington (USA) were injured while playing sports. In the first three places on the risk of injury - basketball, cycling and American football. Five hundred million people, i.e. 10% of the world's population, live in areas threatened by volcanic activity. Since 1991, the cost of electricity from wind turbines has decreased by 55% in Germany. And in the next 10 years, wind energy should become cheaper than nuclear and coal. Different tobacco companies use about 600 different substances as additives to cigarette tobacco. Among them there are seemingly harmless ones, such as cocoa powder, and obviously dangerous ones - coumarins (these compounds are used as rat poison). It is almost not known how these additives react with each other and with nicotine, what is obtained from them when burned ... Different tobacco companies use about 600 different substances as additives to cigarette tobacco. Among them there are seemingly harmless ones, such as cocoa powder, and obviously dangerous ones - coumarins (these compounds are used as rat poison). It is almost not known how these additives react with each other and with nicotine, what is obtained from them when burned ... The habitats of tigers in the world have decreased by 10% over the past 41 years. If the destruction of wild landscapes suitable for the life of these predators continues at the same pace, then tigers will become extinct in 20 years. Digging up during the construction of a layer of volcanic ash 500 thousand years old north of Tokyo, the builders found 10 depressions, in which, apparently, there were wooden supports of two primitive huts burned during a volcanic eruption. Stone tools were also found here. These are the oldest known remains of human habitation. The prevalence of dyslexia - a hereditary disease that makes it difficult for a child to learn to read and write - depends on the degree of complexity of the native language. So, in Italy, dyslexia is about half as common as in English-speaking countries, where the pronunciation of words is very different from their spelling. The theory of megavitamin therapy, which spread with the light hand of Linus Pauling (Pauling, a chemist by education, advised taking several grams of ascorbic acid daily to prevent colds and flu) has long been criticized by doctors. A study of 573 middle-aged Americans who took half a gram of vitamin C a day found that their artery walls were 2,5 times thicker than the arteries of those who received regular doses of the vitamin. And among smokers, this effect is twice as strong. Thickening of the walls of blood vessels contributes to atherosclerosis. The theoretical limit of tree growth in height has been calculated. Roots and vessels cannot raise water from the soil higher than 130 meters. The highest sequoia today has a height of 112,7 meters. Water from the roots reaches the top of such a giant for almost a day. The calculation of the future human population, made half a century ago by UN experts, turned out to be accurate: they predicted that in 2005 we will be 6,5 billion. But their 2055 prediction of 15 billion people is now thought to be almost double that. The modern forecast gives 8-9 billion. Calculations by climatologists show that by the end of the 2st century, the average temperature of the Earth will increase by 2,8 degrees Celsius, the temperature in the Sahara - by 1900 degrees Celsius, but the Sahara itself will decrease to the area it occupied in XNUMX. Economists' calculations showed that the average American enterprise, giving a flu shot to one employee, makes a profit of 46 dollars 85 cents due to savings on "sick" days. True, doctors point out that the calculation is made for the ideal case, when both the type of virus and the severity of the impending epidemic are predicted correctly. The genome of the banking chicken, the ancestor of all breeds of domestic chickens, has been decoded. It is made up of about a billion base pairs of DNA. This information will not only help breeders, but is also expected to improve our knowledge of avian influenza and the causes of its contagion. The genome of the fungus Malassezia globosa, which causes dandruff, has been decoded. It contained 4285 genes. The composition of an ancient Roman cosmetic cream found two years ago during excavations of the ruins of a Roman temple in London has been deciphered. The cream contains 40% starch, the same amount of animal fats from cow or goat milk, the rest is tin oxide (white pigment). Regular measurements of the strength of the Earth's magnetic field, begun in 1839, showed that it is weakening by 0,05 percent annually. If it goes on like this, in about 2000 years the planet's magnetic field will disappear. Sherpa Babu Chkhiri set the record for climbing Everest on May 21 last year. He reached the summit in 16 hours and 56 minutes (until now, climbing a mountain with a height of 8872 meters took at least two days). Sea water, record for its salinity, was found at a depth of 3,6 kilometers off the coast of Crete. It is three times saltier than ordinary sea water. It is believed that this water is about six million years old and remains from a time when almost the entire Mediterranean Sea dried up. A record-breakingly thin lithium battery for watches was released by the Japanese company Matsushita. The thickness of a battery about the size of our two-ruble coin is only 0,508 mm. Religion affects almost all views of a person. In the United States, a survey was conducted among adherents of various religious teachings about their attitude to food products obtained by genetic engineering. The survey showed that 40 percent of Protestants, 35 percent of Catholics, 22 percent of Jews and only 14 percent of Muslims are afraid of such products. Atheists in this respect are closer to Protestants - 39 percent. Radiopaque agents for diagnosing the heart and blood vessels are based on iodine compounds. After fluoroscopy, they are excreted from the body in a day and enter the sewer. German environmentalists have calculated that as a result, 100-150 tons of iodine, which is not amenable to conventional wastewater treatment methods, enters the reservoirs and groundwater of Germany per year. Resveratrol, a substance found in red wine, has been shown to stop the herpes virus from multiplying by inhibiting its DNA synthesis. American pharmacologists, having slightly changed the resveratrol molecule, obtained an even more effective compound that suppresses the reproduction of viruses by 99,9 percent. The production of a therapeutic gel with this substance has begun. Parental love overtakes inflation. From 1999 to 2001, the amount of pocket money given to the younger generation in France grew 21% faster than inflation, in Germany - by 35%, in the USA - by 10%. Rose oil is composed of 275 aromatic compounds. From January 1, 2006, any company wishing to trade its shares on the stock exchange in Oslo (Norway) must have at least 40% women on the board of directors. But those 500 firms that are already bidding have been given a grace period of two years. Since 1848, when the first labor legislation was introduced in France, to the present day, the prescribed working hours have been reduced in this country by 58%. Since 1880, the number of abnormally hot summer days in Western Europe has almost tripled. Since 1912, 85 percent of Kilimanjaro's snow has melted. Researchers need to hurry, because in fifteen years the last remnants of the ice record will disappear, which accumulated for about a hundred thousand years and stores data on the composition of air and climate for that period. Between 1950 and 1990, the world's annual fish catch quadrupled, but has since stalled despite continuous improvements in fishing methods. From 1950 to 2000, the human population grew by 140%, and the consumption of fossil fuels by 400%. Energy demand is projected to more than double by 2030. Since 1973, the number of museums in Germany has tripled. Since 1980, China's energy consumption has doubled, and now the country ranks second in the world after the United States. From 1980 to 2000, 157 tsunamis were recorded in the world: 138 - in the Pacific Ocean, 9 - in the Mediterranean Sea, 5 - in the Caribbean Sea, 2 - in the Indian Ocean, 1 each - in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), South China and Seas of Marmara. Since 1981, the world's agriculture has lost almost $XNUMX billion due to global warming due to falling grain yields. Since 1984, the number of heart attacks in men in Germany has decreased by 19 percent, and recurrent heart attacks by 34 percent. This is mainly the result of the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Since 1990, the average length of a patient's stay in a German hospital has dropped from 13,5 days to 10 days. But at the same time, the admission of patients to clinics increased by 15 percent during this period. This is explained by the aging of the population and the improvement of diagnostic methods. Since 1991, the average height of the French has increased by 2,5 centimeters, and weight - by 3,7 kilograms. Since 1992, the Antarctic ice sheet has gained 45 billion tons. Paradoxically, this is due to global warming: more water evaporates in tropical and temperate latitudes, so more snow falls in Antarctica. From 1995 to 2000, the Amazon was cut down every minute on an area equal to seven football fields. Since 1996, air pollution from toxic nitrogen dioxide has doubled over industrialized areas of China. Since 2002, there has been a 16% decrease in the number of prescriptions for antibiotics issued by doctors in France. This was possible mainly due to a new method of analysis that allows you to quickly distinguish viral from bacterial tonsillitis. Viruses, as you know, do not respond to antibiotics, and earlier doctors indiscriminately prescribed antibiotics for any sore throat. From 2009, the European Union will ban the import of pet fur products. This refers mainly to dog and cat furs, products from which are imported from Asian countries. For control, the DNA of imported furs will be checked. Since January 27, 2006, the use of the telegraph has been discontinued in the United States. It has been completely replaced by email. Since the 6000th century, more than XNUMX alien species of animals and plants have been deliberately and accidentally introduced into North America. Starting next year, France will begin testing a system for automatically limiting the speed of cars. Approximately one hundred machines will be mounted four of its options. The simplest emits a squeak when the speed limit is reached. A more complex one blocks the gas pedal, but the driver can turn off the automation if desired. In the third option, it is impossible to turn off the automation, and the fourth one will be able to automatically change the set limit, depending on what speed is allowed where the car is located. With age, the sense of smell is weakened. According to a survey of 2500 older Americans, weakening is noticeable in a quarter of people over 53 and 60 percent over 80. But only 10-18 percent of those affected notice this age-related disorder. It is more pronounced in men, especially smokers. The diameter of the star closest to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, has been measured with maximum accuracy. According to astronomers from the University of Geneva (Switzerland), it is about 200 thousand kilometers, that is, this star is about seven times smaller than the Sun. Since the beginning of August, the bald eagle, a bird from the US coat of arms, has been crossed out of the Red Book. The security measures paid off. Since November 2002, two mobile anthropometric laboratories in vans have been touring France. The last broad measurements of the French were made in the 70s, but since then the average height, foot size and other indicators of the population have changed markedly, and now the ready-made dress and shoe industry needs to update the data. For a year and a half, 18 thousand people of different ages will be measured, each of them will have 21 parameters measured. From October 2004 to October 2005, 17 million new websites appeared on the Internet. From January 2010, XNUMX, the use of non-degradable plastic bags and packaging will be banned in France. From January 1100 this year, French stores are required to accept used batteries from customers. The collection of batteries will be organized in 7300 hypermarkets, 24 supermarkets, 000 self-service stores, 25 convenience stores, 000 specialized stores, 2400 photo shops and 5700 tobacco shops.
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