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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Polish and French astronomers simulated on a computer the orbits of all the asteroids that came close to the Earth over the past 20 thousand years, and came to the conclusion that the explosion over Tunguska in 1908 could be the result of a fragment of one of 130 asteroids entering the atmosphere. The most likely candidate is a minor planet under the index 2000 WK63. The Eskimo village, located 80 kilometers east of Russia, received two wind turbines. The community, one of only 60 off-grid communities in Alaska, can now cut its diesel consumption by XNUMX%. After smoking one cigarette, carbon monoxide from its smoke remains in the blood for 8 hours. After lengthy negotiations, Kyrgyzstan refused to accept 10 barrels of radioactive waste from England for processing. The waste left from the production of fuel for the first British nuclear reactors has been accumulated for 600 years and represents 50 tons of graphite contaminated with uranium. Following a major power outage in August 2003, New York City is considering converting local subway trains to run on fuel cell power. After operations on the gastrointestinal tract, recovery occurs on average three days faster if patients chew gum. Japanese surgeons who discovered this fact believe that chewing stimulates digestive reflexes, increases the secretion of saliva and digestive juices. After a preliminary, “rough” reading of the human genome, the number of our genes was estimated at approximately 100 thousand. Then their number was reduced to 30 thousand. Now, finally, an accurate count has yielded only 20 genes. After five years of hard work, British and French geneticists deciphered the leprosy microbe genome. New data will help treat this ancient disease, which affects about 700 people worldwide every year. After deciphering the genome of an ordinary chicken, geneticists came to the conclusion that a person is separated from a chicken by 310 million years of evolution. Since Ireland banned smoking in public places, consumption of chewing gum has risen by 30%. Since a new English law in November 2005 allowed the round-the-clock sale of alcoholic beverages, hospitalizations related to excessive consumption of alcohol have more than tripled in hospitals in England. Sleep after guitar lessons. German psychologists came to this conclusion. Teaching fifty young people to play the guitar, after the lesson they put half the students to bed, and left the other half awake. It turned out that those who were asleep performed complex guitar passages more accurately and faster after waking up. Electricity consumption by televisions now accounts for 4% of total electricity consumption in the United States. It is expected that by 2009 this share will increase to 10%, as the fleet of old devices is gradually replaced by more power-hungry digital ones with large plasma screens. It seems that nothing more effective than DDT has been invented to combat malarial mosquitoes. In 2002, more than 400 scientists from 70 countries signed an open letter to the UN calling for the ban on the production and use of DDT to be lifted to combat malaria and West Nile fever. Our planet's soils are now being eroded 20 times faster than they can recover. Almost two thirds of the trees on the European continent are affected by diseases or pests. Almost two-thirds of German families have a computer at home, but only one in seven Germans use it daily. Of the 3000 people aged 14 and over surveyed, more than half admitted to turning on their computer only a few times a year, mostly for entertainment and email. Almost half of the electricity used in Germany (49%) is used to turn motors in industry, transport and at home. A third goes to heating, boiling or heating water and various industrial processes that require high temperatures. About 10% goes to lighting, 7% - to the transmission and processing of information. Nearly a third of Americans who have graduated from high school or completed a secondary vocational education do not know that the Earth completes a circle around the Sun in a year. More than a third of American adults consider astrology to be a science. Almost a quarter of all the resources of the Earth are consumed by a single species of living beings. This species is human. The Australian government intends to completely ban the sale and use of conventional incandescent light bulbs within the next five years. They will be replaced by compact fluorescent lamps, which are screwed into a regular socket, consume five times less energy and last 10 times longer. Cuba launched a similar campaign two years ago, and similar legislation is being considered in California. The Italian government has decided to finance the construction of a bridge across the Strait of Messina, separating Sicily from mainland Italy. This structure, which should go into operation in 2010, will become the longest suspension bridge in the world - its length will be 3300 meters. The Government of Canada has allocated $5 million to study the DNA of 10 of Canada's most important species of mammals, birds, fish and agricultural pests to humans. The PRC government has decided to withdraw 15 million hectares of land from agricultural use in the next three years and give these areas to forest reserves. The US government has introduced a phased plan to ban the production of incandescent light bulbs. The production of lamps with a power of one hundred watts ceases in 2012, 75-watt lamps in 2013, and 60-watt lamps in 2014. It is estimated that in 1997, about 100 thousand industrial robots were added to the world, with three quarters of them installed in factories in Japan, the USA, Germany, Italy, France and England. By the year 2000 there will be almost a million robots in the world. It is assumed that samples of terrestrial rocks could be preserved on the Moon, knocked out millions of years ago by impacts of large meteorites and flying to our natural satellite. Perhaps they will be able to find traces of ancient life, long destroyed by geological processes on Earth. Access to the famous French cave of Lascaux, which contains a rich collection of rock art from the Stone Age, has been closed. Already since 1963, no more than five people a day were allowed there - scientists and honored guests of France. The breath of visitors destroys ancient drawings. Now the artificial climate installation is being replaced, after the repair the admission will be renewed, but, apparently, in the previous limited sizes. However, there is an exact copy of the drawings in the form of huge color photographs pasted on the vaults of an artificial cave built nearby. When analyzing the DNA of fruit flies caught in Europe, in North and South America, in just 26 points on the planet, changes associated with global warming were found. During the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 280 Japanese were exposed to radiation. Of these, 45% are still alive. When traveling through Beijing for a distance of up to 6 kilometers, it is faster to use a bicycle than the subway or bus. In the production of one megawatt-hour of electricity in Europe, 353 kilograms of carbon dioxide are released into the air, and in the United States - 720 kilograms. This is explained, firstly, by the higher efficiency of European thermal power plants, and secondly, by the wider use of nuclear energy. In the production of one megawatt-hour of electricity in Europe, 353 kilograms of carbon dioxide are released into the air, and in the United States - 720 kilograms. This is explained, firstly, by the higher efficiency of European thermal power plants, and secondly, by the wider use of nuclear energy in Europe. When talking on the phone, the activity of the visual lobes of the brain is weakened by a third. This makes it clear how dangerous it is to talk on a cell phone while driving. During excavations in Iraq, a clay tablet was found with an addition to the well-known epic about Gilgamesh, created over five thousand years ago. The cuneiform text describes the burial of Gilgamesh. When scanning the whole body on an X-ray tomograph, the patient receives such a dose of radiation as if he was a mile and a half from the atomic explosion in Hiroshima. The height zero accepted for maps in Germany is 230 centimeters higher than in Belgium, and in Switzerland it is 27 centimeters lower than the German one. This makes it difficult, for example, to build bridges and tunnels between countries. Therefore, in the coming years, the countries of the European Union intend to standardize in this area. A large-scale review of prescriptions issued by physicians in France found that about one out of every 50 prescriptions contains an error and could be life-threatening for the patient, and one out of every 15 is simply useless. A study in England of 2500 people using cellular communications for at least 10 years found no increase in cases of the most common form of brain cancer. An environmental survey conducted in Israel showed that the emissions of 60% of local enterprises exceed the permissible doses of environmental pollution. Ear measurements taken in England on 0,51 young and XNUMX elderly people suggest that with age, the perimeter of the auricle increases by XNUMX millimeters per year. A survey conducted in France on the attitude of citizens to the financing of science showed that first of all, taxpayers agree to give money for research in the field of medicine, secondly - for environmental research, and thirdly - for the search for new energy sources. Progress in the production of digital cameras is clearly visible in the following example. Twenty years ago, a matrix for such a camera had half a million photosensitive elements and cost half a million dollars, since 99 out of 100 manufactured matrices turned out to be defective. Therefore, there were only a few such cameras around the world, and they were used mainly in space research. Now such a camera costs $ 30, but few amateur photographers are content with such a low resolution. The sale of medicinal plants in the world annually increases by 10%. A six-year extensive ichthyological survey of the rivers and lakes of Brazil showed that this country has the largest diversity of freshwater fish in the world. They counted almost three thousand species. For comparison: in China and the USA, there are 700-800 species of freshwater fish each. By playing recordings of sounds made by cows to their calves, English biologists have found that two days after birth, the calf already recognizes the voice of its mother. On the contrary, cows react equally emotionally to the sounds made by both their own and other people's calves. It will take another 50 years until Western Europe manages to lift restrictions on agricultural products from lands contaminated by Chernobyl fallout. Opponents of large-scale replacement of gasoline in cars with plant-derived ethyl alcohol point out that energy plants will have to occupy large areas of land suitable for growing food for humans. However, they forget that just a hundred years ago, vast areas were occupied by the production of food for draft animals. Only in France, 5 million hectares served to feed horses, donkeys, mules, oxen, but there was no famine in the country. Read the genome of a domestic cat, it turned out that the cat has 20 genes. Read the honey bee genome. She became the fourth insect (after Drosophila, silkworm and mosquito) whose gene sequence is known. From the information received, it became clear that this species originated in Africa and migrated to Europe in two waves. The genomes of the malarial Plasmodium and the malarial mosquito that carries it have been read. The causative agent of malaria has 5300 genes, and the mosquito has 14. Last summer, the entire territory of England was covered with aerial photography, and all objects larger than 25 centimeters were visible in the images. 20 kilometers of photographic film were used for the shooting. This detailed photographic map of the country will be posted on the Internet, and by the end of 2000 it will also include Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In any corner of the world, using a computer, it will be possible to fly over England, if desired, descend lower and examine the details. India's population surpassed one billion last summer. Measures to promote birth control proved ineffective. Now the Ministry of Health has decided to try a new method: the poorest families (and the birth rate is increased among the poor) will be given free television sets to somehow distract them from reproduction. Psychological studies of memory in people aged 22 to 85 years, conducted at the University of Michigan (USA), showed that a person's memory begins to weaken around the age of 25 years. Between the ages of 70 and 80, memory deteriorates just as much as between 20 and 30. Psychological tests conducted during the polar night on a hundred residents of the northern Norwegian city of Tromso showed that constant darkness outside the window for two winter months does not impair memory or attention and does not reduce the speed of thinking. A psychological survey of 15 Americans showed that there is no connection between character traits and the sign of the zodiac under which a person was born.
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