Who are the inhabitants of the rocks? Detailed answer

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Who are the inhabitants of the rocks? Detailed answer

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Who are the inhabitants of the rocks?

More than 1500 years ago in North America there was a tribe of Anasazi Indians who lived in dwellings dug into sheer cliffs. They lived in what is now called the "Four Corners" because the borders of the present-day states of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico meet there. The word "anasazi" in translation from the language of the Indians means "old people".

The Anasazi were the ancestors of the Pueblo Indians living today in the southwest of the North American continent. They were engaged in hunting, farming and gathering fruits. They lived in small villages in groups of 30-60 people who were relatives to each other. Later, they began to arrange large dwellings, consisting of rooms arranged in a straight or curved line. The name of such villages - "pueblo" - comes from the Spanish word, which means "village".

Many of the villages were built in the caves that abound on the high, sheer walls of the canyons. The Anasazi chose such rocks so that the entrances of the caves faced south, and therefore the inside of them was warm and dry even in winter. Between 1050 and 1500, these small villages began to grow and turned into entire cities.

Each such city was like a huge building. It sometimes consisted of several hundred rows of rooms, and consisted of up to four floors, each of which had terraces. The walls of the rooms were the walls of the cave itself. The ceilings were low, as were the doors leading out into the canyon, and supported by pillars. Each village had several public rooms, called "kiva", where the inhabitants of the caves held meetings and performed secret religious rites.

Kivas were located underground. At the top of the cliffs, the Anasazi arranged their watchtowers, in the walls of which narrow slots of loopholes cut through. The sentries who were in them with a loud cry warned of the approach of enemies, and the people working at the bottom of the canyon managed to climb the rocks and pull light ladders behind them. Without such ladders, the enemy could not capture even the smallest of the villages.

In addition to corn, beans, and gourds, the Anasazi grew cotton, which was used to weave ponchos, blankets, and bags. It is known that around the year 1300 they suddenly left their dwellings on the rocks and went south. However, the reason that made them do this is still unknown.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How did laundries originate?

Wherever a person lives, he always had to solve the problem of washing. The word "laundry" has a curious origin. In the old days, washed things were shifted with lavender. This plant gave clothes a fragrant smell. The French word "lavande" is translated as lavender, and the word "lavandiere" is translated as laundress. So called in the old days in France a woman who washed clothes. This is where the words "laundress" ("laundress") and "laundry" ("laundry") came from in English.

Early civilizations used different ways of washing garments. In an ancient Egyptian tomb, there is a drawing showing two slaves processing wet clothes on an inclined table with a stone suspended from a block. Water flows down the gutter located under the table. The clothes of the Romans were made mainly of wool, and great skill was required in order to maintain their size and shape when washed.

The clothes were taken to public laundries, where they were processed by people who were called "fullers". The feller performed two types of work. He wove new clothes and also cleaned the ones that were brought to him. Felters practiced their craft for many centuries, until a fulling shop was established in England. By this time, wooden rollers were used for washing. Washerwomen used these rollers to hit wet clothes and thus remove dirt from it along with water.

In earlier times, when there were no rollers, clothes were trampled underfoot. For centuries, British laundries have used methods of washing clothes much like those used in ancient Greece and Rome. Clothes were washed without soap, as it was very expensive. Gradually, with the development of technology, washing clothes began to be carried out by machines.

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Learning new things, we forget the old 25.03.2016

A group of scientists from Germany, Spain and Italy showed in experiments on mice that in the process of memorizing new information in the brain, new connections between neurons are simultaneously formed and existing ones are weakened.

Working with mice, neuroscientists studied the hippocampus, the region of the brain responsible for the formation of memories. Information enters the hippocampus via three different pathways, and the connections between neurons are strengthened as memories are consolidated. By blocking the main "path", the scientists found that the mice were no longer capable of learning, to form conditioned reflexes. But if the information was already learned before such a blockage, then the memories remained.

But something else was more surprising. The researchers found that connections along this blocked "path" weakened - this could not be affected by the blockage itself. The source of this weakening was found: it turned out that this happened at the time of the formation of new ties.

"One explanation is that there is a limited amount of space in the brain, so when you're learning, you have to loosen some connections to make room for others. To learn new things, you have to forget things you've learned before," he said. study leader Cornelius Gross.

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