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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
German astronomers have received new data confirming that in the center of our Galaxy there is a huge black hole with a gravitational force 2,6 million times greater than that of the Sun. Measured the speed of about 200 stars in the area. The stars closest to the hole fall into it at speeds up to 3000 kilometers per second. German unemployed prefer mobile communications. In total, there are 1,6 million private houses and apartments in Germany, the inhabitants of which asked to cut their telephone wires and use only cell phones. 13% of the unemployed, 7% of workers have given up regular telephones, and only 2% of working people of other professions and pensioners are limited to mobile communications. German biotechnologists have learned how to get fish oil from ciliates, growing them in special reactors on a sugar solution and corn pomace. German geneticists have transplanted the gene for the production of cobwebs from a spider into a potato. As a result, up to 2% of the proteins produced by the plant is the web protein. It is easy to isolate from potatoes as it dissolves in water. Now engineers need to learn how to spin this protein into the same thin but strong thread that spiders get, and then it will be possible to make lightweight, ultra-strong fabrics. German zoologists have shown, using ultra-fast filming, that stinging cells on an anemone's tentacles, firing a microscopic poisoned harpoon, accelerate it from 0 to 128 kilometers per hour in 700 nanoseconds, which is a million times faster than a racing car. German engineers proposed to cover the surface of implantable prostheses with the thinnest layer of silver - only a few millionths of a millimeter. Such prostheses take root better, since silver provides sterility by killing germs. German materials scientists have discovered carbon nanotubes in Syrian medieval damask steel. Apparently, they arose during the complex process of forging and hardening blades, and their presence explains the special properties of this steel. German doctors have found that in the vicinity of a waste incineration plant built in Hesse, the frequency of births of twins and triplets is doubled. Apparently, plant emissions affect hormone levels in women. German environmentalists have calculated that when braking, the country's cars emit 932 tons of copper, 2078 tons of zinc and 80 tons of lead into the air in the form of fine dust per year. Zinc and lead are added to tire rubber to improve its properties, and copper is part of the brake pads. The German Bundeswehr has begun selling off some of its training grounds for wind farms. The German geographer Gerhard Betz, having collected data on the catastrophic weather phenomena of the past, claims that in the 400th century the European climate corresponded to the modern one. 100 years ago, about XNUMX thousand people died in the floods that flooded Europe. German physicist Dietrich Klug proposes to equip cars with a simple machine that turns off the headlights when stopped, leaving only the marker lights on. According to his calculations, without turning off the headlights in traffic jams and before traffic lights, German motorists daily spend as much electricity as one of the German nuclear power plants produces in almost a month. Gasoline consumption in the country will decrease by three billion liters. A German-French group of physicists at the Fourier University (Grenoble) received a record strong magnetic field - 58 Tesla, which is about a hundred thousand times greater than the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. The record field lasted only 20 milliseconds. A German-Swedish group of researchers showed that in the retina of the eyes of whales and seals there are only green light receptors, that is, everything around them is seen as monotonously greenish. An unexpected problem confronted the gas companies of Western Europe. In order for gas leaks not to go unnoticed, strongly smelling substances - sulfur compounds - are mixed into the gas before it is fed into the city pipes. But sulfur does not allow the use of this gas in fuel cells: it poisons the catalysts. Meanwhile, fuel cells, which make it possible to obtain electricity from it without burning gas, are becoming increasingly common. There are two ways out: to find other aromas for domestic gas or to put special filters in front of each fuel battery that trap sulfur. An unexpected discovery made at the University of Louisiana: aluminum can acquire superconductivity when heated. An ultra-thin film of specially treated metal loses electrical resistance as the temperature rises, then, if the heating continues, the resistance appears again. Perhaps this strange effect will require a revision of the existing theories of superconductivity. An unexpected consequence of global warming: in the next hundred years, the wind intensity in France will decrease by 10%, which will have a bad effect on the country's wind energy. You can often hear that it is better not to go to surgery on a full moon. Statistics from one of the Austrian hospitals, however, showed that the results of 85 operations on the knee joint and 143 on the hip did not depend in any way either on the phase of the moon or on the sign of the zodiac in which the moon was on the day of the operation. A few years ago, Dutch psychologists from the University of Wageningen used psychological tests to measure the level of optimism in 999 elderly citizens. Nine years later, it turned out that over the past years, the mortality rate for optimistic men was 63% lower than for pessimists, and for women the difference was 35%. Despite the ban on talking on the phone while driving in Germany, a third of motorists do not adhere to this rule. This is especially true for men aged 18 to 30 years. Despite the widespread use of e-mail in France, the number of letters delivered by French mail increased by 2000% in 4 compared to the previous year. This growth is partly due to the fact that subscribers of the Internet and cellular telephone networks receive bills by mail. Oil is consumed twice as fast as new reserves are discovered: while geologists find one barrel in the bowels, humanity manages to burn two. New furniture, especially those made from chipboard, release formaldehyde fumes into the air, which are irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. According to experts at the Center for Consumer Goods in Tokyo, the harmful gas is absorbed by tea. It is enough to hang one or two paper bags with tea leaves in the corner of the room or sprinkle some dry tea on the top of the cabinet - and the formaldehyde content in the air will decrease by 90 percent. New Zealand researchers have studied the most famous seaside resorts in the world, where surfers gather. The goal is to determine the places where the waves of the surf are most suitable for this sport, to identify the features of the underwater terrain, and then to build artificial coastal reefs of the desired configuration near several beaches in Australia and the USA. New Zealand computer scientists have proposed a way to turn any digital video camera into an external storage device for a computer. Up to 12 gigabytes of data can be copied onto a one-hour videotape. For reliability, some data is recorded twice and placed in different places on the tape, so that the information will not be lost, even if three centimeters are defective for every meter of tape. New Zealand ophthalmologists examined the vision of 60 dogs working as guides for the blind in the city of Auckland. It turned out that eight of the tested dogs suffer from myopia. As one of the authors of the study said, the visual defect is so pronounced that if these were children, they would be prescribed glasses. This drawback does not seem to affect the efficiency of the work of four-legged helpers, and yet ophthalmologists recommend checking the vision of future guide dogs when selecting dogs for training. New observations made with the Infrared Space Telescope launched by the European Space Agency have made it possible to refine the number of large asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. There are approximately 1,9 million objects with a diameter of one kilometer or more. Previous estimates gave only 740-860 thousand. A new kind of air pollution has emerged from efforts to clean it up. As you know, exhaust gas filters, which are mandatory on cars in many countries, use catalysts - platinum, palladium and rhodium. These metals in the form of tiny particles are applied to the ceramic base and contribute to the oxidation of hazardous exhaust components. But with gases, metal particles gradually fly out into the atmosphere. French geophysicists have found an increased concentration of these heavy metals in the ice of Greenland, and in layers that have frozen over the past 10 years. In ancient deposits, the content of platinoids is 100 times lower. A new species of piranha has been found in the jungles of French Guiana. This large fish, reaching a weight of five kilograms, is well known to local Indians, but ichthyologists met it for the first time. The new piranha is interesting because it feeds exclusively on plants. A new method of statistical processing of data on fossil remains of mammals allows paleontologists to assert that primates appeared 20 million years earlier than previously thought: not 65, but 85 million years ago. This means that our distant ancestors, like the primitive semi-monkeys, still found the empire of dinosaurs on Earth. The new IBM supercomputer covers the area of two basketball courts and performs 12 billion operations per second. The total length of the wires connecting its 8192 microprocessors is 3500 kilometers. This machine is 1000 times more powerful than the one that defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997. Norwegian biologists have discovered previously unknown antibiotics in the mucus that covers the body of some fish. Particularly promising is the mucus of the flounder, which contains two high-molecular compounds, the structure of which has not yet been deciphered. It is believed that they can even treat a cold, for which there are still no remedies for viruses. Norwegian researchers suggest storing fresh fish not in the refrigerator, but in peat or sphagnum, the moss from which peat is produced. The antibacterial substances of the moss allow the fish to be kept at room temperature without decomposing for up to 4 weeks. Norwegian microbiologists have developed a strain of microbes that increase the recovery of oil from underground reservoirs. Norwegian paleontologists have found the northernmost dinosaur cemetery in Svalbard. Skeletons of 29 predatory marine plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs that died 150 million years ago were found there. Norwegian paleontologists have found the northernmost dinosaur cemetery in Svalbard. Skeletons of 29 predatory marine plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs that died 150 million years ago were found there. Areas of seas and oceans deeper than 1000 meters occupy 62,3 percent of the Earth's surface, but only 0,0000016 percent of these areas have been studied. Note that land makes up 29,2 percent of the area of our planet. A gene has been discovered that gives tomatoes roundness. By introducing it into the ovary of a pear tree, geneticists got a spherical pear. A quasar the size of the solar system has been discovered, which ejects a jet of gas at a speed of 99,999994 percent of the speed of light. A unique asteroid was discovered, registered under the index 2003 СР20. This is the only known asteroid whose orbit is entirely within the boundaries of the Earth's orbit. The star HR 8210 has been discovered, about to explode. Moreover, it is located very close - at a distance of 150 light years from Earth. A safe distance from a supernova explosion is considered to be a radius of 160-200 light years. When the radiation from the explosion reaches the Earth, the ozone layer will be destroyed in a few minutes, and with it all life on the planet. True, just about on an astronomical scale - this is several hundred million years. It was found that within a radius of two kilometers from the antennas of Vatican Radio, the frequency of leukemia among children is 6,5 times higher than away from the antennas. The radio station had to reduce the radiation power by 2 times. Cocaine and chocolate have been found to act on the same pleasure centers in the brain. It has been found that salt not only gives the food a pleasant taste of its own, but also partially masks the taste of bitterness. In many cultures, it is customary to lightly salt fruits before eating. It was found that garlic destroys microbes not by its smell, but by a special substance that inhibits the work of certain enzymes of microorganisms. Two new satellites of the planet Uranus have been discovered. Thus, the number of its known satellites has reached 17. The diameters of the new satellites are 80 and 160 kilometers. Two more satellites of Uranus have been discovered, in addition to the 18 known so far. Small moons with a diameter of about 20 kilometers each revolve at 10 and 25 million kilometers from the planet. Thus, the record of Saturn, which has 18 satellites, is broken. After examining 823 patients with depression, doctors at a psychiatric clinic in Essen, Germany, found that believers had, on average, more severe symptoms of depression than atheists. A survey of 14 Americans aged 600-45 showed that those who eat 75-5 meals a day have 6% lower cholesterol levels than those who eat 5-2 meals a day. And this despite the fact that the former absorb more fat per day than the latter. A survey of 65 people who worked in the UK nuclear industry between 1946 and 2002 found that people who were exposed to radiation were more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. The risk of their occurrence after irradiation is higher than the risk of developing cancer. A survey of 68 women conducted in Ohio (USA) showed that those who sleep less than five hours a day gain weight faster than those who sleep for 7 hours. Scientists believe that the point here is to reduce metabolism during sleep, which makes you less hungry during the day. That is, the old adage that two hours of sleep replaces lunch is basically true.
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