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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
A survey of 876 houses with gas stoves, conducted in England, showed that in most of them the content of toxic nitrogen dioxide in the air in the kitchen significantly exceeded the sanitary standards. A satellite survey showed that 28 million square kilometers of land are occupied by crops, and 5 million are pastures. These are respectively 22 and 12% of the land free from ice. A survey in Canada found that a third of Canadians with hepatitis A contracted the virus on some trip. Only 14 out of 100 Canadians traveling to a country where hepatitis is prevalent are vaccinated before they travel, and yet three of those 14 get sick despite being vaccinated. The total capacity of wind turbines in the world has reached 30 megawatts, which is enough to power 379 million apartments or single-family houses with electricity. Europe holds the first place in the use of wind energy - the capacity of European installations is 17 percent of the world. In second place is North America: 74 percent, in Asia - 16,2 percent. The volume of data archives accumulated around the world on computers - on magnetic diskettes, tapes, hard disks, CD-ROMs and other media, is estimated at 2 bytes, their equivalent is a thousand trillion typewritten pages. About 000 bytes circulate on the Internet alone. The volume of world trade in one day is now as great as in the whole of 1949. The volume of sales of medicinal plants in Western Europe is growing by 10% annually. And the popularity of St. John's wort extract, which helps with depression, in Germany has already exceeded the demand for the latest chemical preparations for this disease. The completion of work on deciphering the human genome, announced with great fanfare in June of this year, was in fact more of an advertising campaign. Completing the work will take about two more years, and localizing all the genes and elucidating their functions will take another twenty years. Usually the remains of a giant tyrannosaurus are found on average once every 10 years, but last summer five tyrannosaurs were discovered at once in the US state of Montana. In total, there are two dozen of them in the museums of the world. Conventional airbags in automobiles deploy on impact in 50 milliseconds. In the new Accord model of the Japanese company Honda, this time is reduced to 15 milliseconds. Regular enzyme laundry detergent works best at a water temperature of 50-60 degrees Celsius. German biochemists have found an enzyme that cleans dirt well even at 10 degrees. Such powders will give huge energy savings. One old TV set or computer monitor with a screen diagonal of 37 centimeters thrown into a landfill pollutes 50 cubic meters of soil with heavy metals. One out of every seven American adults cannot find their country on a world map. One of the French institutes for the study of public opinion regularly conducts polls on the attitude of the French towards scientists. Thirty years ago, 53 percent of those surveyed agreed with the statement that these are people dedicated to science working for the benefit of humanity. Now only 33 percent think so. Thirty years ago, 29 percent of French people believed that scientists and their knowledge could be dangerous to society. Now - 41 percent. One per cent of English households have neither a mobile nor a landline phone. One US firm suggests impregnating the paper used to print money with polyhexamethylene diguanide, an antiseptic that will kill bacteria on the surface of banknotes. One ten-millionth of a billionth of a second is the duration of an X-ray burst obtained at the Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching (Germany). If it is possible to increase the power of the device that gives such flashes, it will be possible to study the structure of molecules with its help. A British firm has developed a hand dryer that uses infrared light instead of hot air. This method is considered more hygienic, so the new dryer will be used primarily in hospitals. One of the English tea firms has patented a new process for making tea. First, hot steam is passed through dry tea leaves, and then water at a temperature of 82 degrees Celsius is forced through. The result is a wonderful tea in 30 seconds. One of the largest electronics companies in England, Dixons, stopped selling VCRs in 2005. They are no longer in demand: for every one VCR sold, there are 40 DVD players sold. A German dairy company has built a plant that converts whey left over from cheese production into ethyl alcohol, which is used as fuel for cars. About 10 million liters of alcohol will be produced per year. One of the world's oldest newspapers, the Swiss Neue Zurcher Zeitung, will be completely digitized. All files starting from 1780 (about two million pages) will have to be scanned. A Japanese energy company planted 510 hectares of pine forest in Australia. The Japanese want in this way to remove at least part of the carbon dioxide produced by their thermal power plants from the atmosphere, and since there is no free land in their homeland, they agreed with Australia. It is possible that in the next 10 years the area of Japanese forest will grow to 40 hectares. It is expected that by 2010 about 95% of German households will be connected to the Internet. Oceanologists in Finland and the United States noted in the north of the Atlantic, in the water area from Ireland to Canada, a slowdown in ocean currents. The reason for this is not clear, and it will take at least another ten years of research to find out. About 17% of all species of living beings live in the floodplain of the Amazon and its tributaries. There are 6000 species of trees alone (in Europe - fifty). About 30% of births in the US are by caesarean section, and this operation is becoming more common. About 70 percent of all air crashes occur due to mutual misunderstanding between crew members or between pilots and ground services. A survey of 2500 American adults showed that eight out of ten of those surveyed take some kind of medicine at least once a week, half of them - one that cannot be bought without a prescription. 7 percent of the respondents regularly take at least five medicines. The most actively treated women are over 65 years old: 12 percent of them take drugs of ten names or more. A survey of 2500 randomly selected Internet users in England showed, as one would expect, that these people are characterized by a higher education and salary than those who are not connected to the Internet. But unexpected details also came to light: Internet users go to church more often than others and participate more in public life, doing various jobs for free for the benefit of their city or village. A survey of 3000 English families showed that 14% of parents forbid their children to connect to the Internet as a punishment. A survey of 500 Germans using a mobile phone showed that only 1% consider the current prices for cellular telephony services in Germany to be too high. A survey of whether Germans suffer from noise at work or at home, conducted in the fall of 2002, found that 28 percent complain about noise coming into their apartments and 15 percent about a noisy workplace. A similar poll in 1960 gave 35 and 36 percent dissatisfaction, respectively. Either it has become quieter in Germany, or people have gotten used to it. A survey on attitudes towards products obtained from genetically modified animals and plants was conducted in European countries. He showed that the Swedes, the Spaniards and the Dutch are the most benevolent towards such products, and the Greeks, Danes and Austrians are the most suspicious of them. A survey conducted in England among cellular telephone subscribers showed that 35% of them are dissatisfied with the quality of communication. In turn, 86% of the management staff of mobile telephony operators admit that in recent years they have been concerned not so much about the quality of communication as about expanding the network. A survey conducted in Germany showed that 15% of Germans do not use a computer, and 13% do not use a mobile phone. Among people over 60, these shares are even higher - 40% and 28%, respectively. To the question Could you do without a computer and a cell phone? addressed to the owners of these devices, half of the respondents answered that they could live without a phone, and almost a third - without a computer. Published in April this year, the Red Book of Plants includes a list of 33 species. Of these, 789 are known to have disappeared from the wild (although some survive in botanical gardens), 380 are believed to be completely extinct, 371 are considered endangered, and the rest are considered rare. Experiments conducted in one of the hospitals in Rochester (USA) showed that patients recover faster if a large photograph of their doctor hangs in the ward. The researchers suggest placing such photographs in the halls of the hospital, as they do, for example, with portraits of actors in the foyer of theaters. Food safety organizations in the US and the European Union have declared that milk and meat from cloned animals are safe for humans. True, these products are unlikely to enter the market in the near future: cloning remains a complex and expensive procedure and is used only for scientific purposes. In autumn, German sea beaches are littered with heaps of sea grass, torn from the bottom by storms and washed ashore. The cost of cleaning a kilometer of the beach ranges from 36 to 60 marks. Now, harvested and dried seagrass has been pressed into heat-insulating boards, which retain heat better than mineral wool. Based on data on 90 discovered planets of other solar systems, British astronomers B. Jones and N. Slip believe that in our Galaxy there may be at least a billion Earth-like planets on which life is possible. About 20 French people die every year from accidents at home. Announced the creation of a special laboratory that will study the dangers of everyday home life. Rock music makes mice dumber. This has been proven by an experiment conducted in the USA. They took three groups of mice and launched them into a maze, from which the mouse had to find a way out. One group of mice lived in silence, they found a way out in an average of 10 minutes, and after training - in 6 minutes. The second group listened to Mozart for several days, these mice coped with the task in one minute. The third group listened to rock music, and after that it took them half an hour to find a way out, and some could not figure out the maze for an hour. In addition, after a session of rock music, the mice began to fight among themselves, like a crowd of fans after a concert. To beat the meat with a hammer before cooking, so that it becomes softer, was probably invented by cavemen. And now the American engineer John Long proposed to soften the meat with an explosion. At the end of last year, the method was transferred to production. The magnetic railway between Pudong Airport and Shanghai, which opened about two years ago, is operating so successfully that it has been decided to extend it 8 kilometers to the site where the 2010 World Expo will be held. In the future, it is possible to extend the road another 180 kilometers to the city of Hangzhou. The discovery of Japanese physicists: a common and cheap compound magnesium diboride becomes a superconductor already at 39 degrees Kelvin. Errors in computer programs cost American industry $60 billion annually. Parallel to the railway tunnel under the English Channel, it is possible that a road tunnel will be laid. The creation of a 50-kilometer tunnel will cost 4,3 billion euros. Passenger air travel is growing annually by 7 percent. If in 1990 there were 239 acute situations in the skies over Europe when planes almost collided, then in 1999 there were already 499 such cases. Experts say that if fundamental changes are not made to the aircraft dispatch system, then by 2012 flights will become impossible. The European Union Patent Office will soon make available on the Internet a complete collection of short summaries of patents registered in the countries of the Union. The US Patent Office has already done this, Japanese patents will appear online in about six months. Patenting your ideas in the US contributes to economic growth in the home of the inventor. So, if in some country the number of patents taken in the USA increases by 20%, then the annual economic growth in this country accelerates by 3,8%. Arable soil of medium quality is 45% mineral, 5% organic, 25% water and 25% air. The Principality of San Marino holds the first place in terms of the number of computers: 738 machines per 1000 people. In the US, this figure is 574. The first diamonds were found in Canada in 1999. Now the country has taken third place in the list of world diamond suppliers. For the first six and a half months of 2004, more precisely, 196 days, every German worked not for himself, but for the state. Taxes and payments for social insurance in Germany amounted to 53,6% of the earnings of each citizen. But in 2000 they were even higher: 56,9%.
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