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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The first ultraviolet LED was created in Japan by NTT engineers. It emits radiation with a wavelength of 210 nanometers. The novelty can be used in recording CDs and DVDs, since the shorter the wavelength, the more information can fit on the disc. A two-liter plastic bottle now weighs 27 percent less than in 1990, and its strength has not decreased. The area of Germany is about 45 thousand square kilometers. Now 12,6 percent of this territory is built up. From 1997 to 2000, about 129 hectares of wild nature were built up daily, now - 93 hectares. The government has decided to reduce the development rate to 2020 hectares per day by 30. But at the same time, by 4845 Germany will be covered with buildings, asphalt and concrete. Pluto suffered a second defeat. First, he was removed from the list of full-fledged planets, appointing the largest of the dwarf planets. Less than a year later, it turned out that he did not deserve this title either: the dwarf planet Eris is 100 kilometers larger in diameter and 27% more massive. According to the hypothesis of Danish astronomer Anna Andersen, three percent of the total carbon in the solar system is represented by microscopic diamonds. This assumption is based on the analysis of microdiamonds, often found in meteorites. According to a rough estimate, during the Second World War, all the warring parties took about 40 million photographs, of which 30 million were aerial photographs, the rest were reporter and amateur photographs. According to the US-French-Canadian Space Ultraviolet Telescope, 2,5 billion years ago, our Sun emitted twice as much ultraviolet radiation as it does now. The estimate was made from ultraviolet measurements from young solar-type stars. According to the American Academy of Allergology, cats with black and dark fur are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop allergies than light-colored cats. According to the English magazine New Scientist, about 35 million tons of natural gas seeps into the atmosphere every year from the cracks and holes of Russian gas pipelines and poorly sealed field drilling rigs, which would be enough for a country like Germany for a year. Natural gas creates a 60 times stronger greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide. According to the British forest department, lightning most often strikes oaks, poplars and pines, and least often - beeches. According to the English microbiologist Thomas Curtis, one milliliter of ocean water contains an average of 160 species of bacteria, a gram of soil contains from 6400 to 38 species, and a milliliter of sewage from city sewers, oddly enough, only about 000 species. According to the English Transport Research Laboratory, if your car is moving 20 percent faster than the average speed of traffic, your chances of an accident are 4-10 times higher. According to the WHO, at least 1 people die each year from violent acts worldwide. In wars and armed conflicts, 600 people are killed every hour, 000 people are victims of crime every day, and every 35 seconds someone commits suicide. According to the World Health Organization, in 2001, about 13 million people died from infectious diseases in the world. In the first place among the deadly infections - respiratory diseases (nearly 6 million dead), followed by AIDS (3 million), in third place - infections of the digestive system (2 million), in fourth place - malaria (1,1 million). According to the World Health Organization, about 65 doctors and 70 nurses who emigrated from African countries work in different countries of the world. Countries such as Mozambique and Angola have lost more than 70% of their medical staff. According to the World Health Organization, 1,3 million people die every year due to the use of unsterilized syringes worldwide. According to Dutch and British oceanologists, since 1988 the temperature of the bottom water in the North Sea has increased by almost one and a half degrees Celsius, which is why the number of bottom fish species has increased by half. True, in the majority these are small species that are not of commercial interest. According to Dutch doctors, a person involved in physical education is absent from work due to illness on average 14,8 days a year, and not maintaining his physical form - 19,5 days. According to Dutch doctors, a person involved in physical education is absent from work due to illness on average 14,8 days a year, and not maintaining his physical form - 19,5 days. According to the UN Children's Fund, about two billion people in the world are now experiencing a lack of vitamins and minerals. There were 2005 forest fires in 86, according to the European Space Agency, whose satellite monitors major fires on Earth. The results for 680 have not yet been summed up. According to Italian geophysicists, Mount Etna is moving towards the sea by several centimeters a year. According to Chinese archaeologists, half of the Great Wall of China is ready to collapse at any moment, 30% is already in ruins and only 20% is in good condition. The total length of the wall is 6300 kilometers. According to the Chinese Institute of Geography and Limnology, about 600 kilometers of the Yangtze - Asia's longest river - is irreversibly polluted and nearly 30% of its main tributaries are seriously poisoned. As of mid-2007, there were about 20 billion public and more than 500 billion password-protected pages on the Internet. According to the US National Academy of Sciences, the misuse of drugs in US hospitals and clinics harms at least 7000 million Americans every year, and about XNUMX die from this cause. According to a recent poll, 60% of Finns are in favor of expanding nuclear power in their country. According to German economists, the growth of world oil production stopped in 2006, and in the future it will fall by 7% per year. By 2030, oil production will be halved compared to 2007. According to the German economist Arno Peters, women make up half of the world's population, do two-thirds of all work, receive one-tenth of all wages, and hold one hundredth of the total wealth of all mankind. According to a survey of 12 American women aged 70 to 81, those who regularly take small doses of alcoholic beverages are 23% more likely to retain good memory and intelligence in old age than those who completely excluded alcohol from the diet. According to a survey of American workers from Ohio, each extra IQ point earns its owner an extra $18-$50 in a monthly salary. For example, a person with an IQ of 130 earns $100 more per month than someone with an IQ of XNUMX. According to one German firm that recovers information from damaged computer hard drives, the number of calls for help is about halved with the onset of the summer heat. Computers overheat. According to the UN, there are currently 3881 national parks in the world with a total area of 4,4 million square kilometers. According to the UN, during the period from May 1994 to April 2004, 7100 natural disasters occurred on Earth, killing more than 300 people. The number of casualties is a third less than in the previous decade, mainly due to improved prevention and rescue methods. More than two-thirds of Chinese people are saving money to buy a car, according to a recent survey in China. Car sales in China are growing by 30% annually. Now there are 22 million cars in China. And if the dream of everyone saving up money for a car comes true, there will be 900 million cars. According to the French Ecology and Energy Agency, although two-wheeled motor vehicles (mopeds, motorcycles, motor scooters) absorb only 1% of gasoline consumed in France, they emit 10% of all carbon monoxide emitted by transport into the air. The reason is that many of these crews have two-stroke engines that are less efficient than four-stroke ones. In addition, their engines often do not have a catalytic exhaust filter and are poorly adjusted. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about XNUMX young children die each year in the United States from choking on their food. To prevent this from happening, the Center advises parents with children under the age of four to feed their babies only at the table and not allow them to eat while standing, lying down or walking. In addition, large pieces of food should be cut into smaller pieces. According to Swedish environmentalist Roger Westerholm, one petrol lawn mower that has been mowed for an hour pollutes as much air as an average passenger car driven 150 kilometers. According to UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), in 1960, the death rate of children under the age of 5 was an average of 184 children for every thousand newborns. By our time, if we take humanity as a whole, it has dropped to 72. But in West and Central Africa, there are still 186 children out of every thousand who do not live past the age of five. The improvement was mainly in Latin America, the Caribbean and Eastern Europe. According to figures published in Beijing, smoking kills 750 Chinese every year. According to data obtained by the space solar observatory SOHO, at any given moment there are about 3000 explosions on the Sun. Each one takes a few minutes and covers an area roughly the size of our planet. Around 7500 natural gas vehicles are now running on German roads. In operation, they are somewhat more expensive than conventional ones, but they are less explosive than liquid propane or butane vehicles. According to the laws of mechanics, in order for a projectile from a cannon to fly as far as possible, it must be fired at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. However, athletes, achieving the greatest range, throw a shot, discus, spear or hammer at an angle of 30 - 35 degrees. As American physiologists have shown, the muscles of the human arms develop the highest speed precisely at such throwing angles, so that empirically athletes and coaches have come to the right decision. Under a law passed by the European Parliament, from now on it is allowed to add to chocolate instead of cocoa butter a similar-tasting butter from the seeds of a tallow tree growing in Africa. It is ten times cheaper than cocoa butter. Until now, tallow tree oil has been used in Europe only in soap making and cosmetics, although in Africa it is used as food. According to Canadian statistics, drivers with passengers drive more carefully than solo drivers. And the more passengers in the car, the less often all sorts of troubles happen to it. With one curious exception: if a young man is driving, and the passengers are even younger, he tries to show himself to be an experienced driver in front of them and loses caution. According to American geologists, New Orleans will sink into the ocean by 2100 at the latest. This will lead to rising sea levels and constant flooding at the mouth of the Mississippi. The city is already 2,6 meters below sea level, and over 70 square kilometers in its vicinity have been flooded over the past 1000 years. According to British scientists studying an ancient Greek computer found near the island of Antikythera, it was used, among other things, to calculate the start date of the Olympic Games and other sports. According to English professor Gordon McVai, in the next 50 years, cancer will be defeated. This does not mean that all types of tumors will become curable, but it will be possible to live with cancer, as people now live with diabetes. According to most gerontologists, the life expectancy of a child born in the year 2100 and living in a developed country will be from 80 to 100 years. Today it is an average of about 75 years. According to UN demographers, by 2050 India's population will exceed China's by 200 million. According to some climatologists, in less than half a century, due to global warming, the eternal Arctic ice will become a seasonal phenomenon. According to some experts, passwords for accessing a computer or accessing the Internet will die out in about a year. Instead of a password, the computer will recognize your fingerprint or iris pattern. According to paleontologists, a young growing brontosaurus daily added 14 kilograms in weight. According to Xerox Research Center employee Mark Weiser, by 2015 a quarter of humanity will be connected to the Internet. For reasons unknown, the waters around New Zealand were teeming with giant squid last year. Usually one or two specimens up to 14 meters long (including tentacles) are caught here per year. But last year, 23 monsters were caught in fishing nets. All of them are raised from the depth already dead. According to some estimates, up to 25 million mice are used annually in laboratories around the world for experiments. Under the new European law, the presence of the main allergens must now be indicated on food packaging: wheat, barley, oats, rye, eggs, milk, fish, peanuts, crustaceans (crabs, crayfish, shrimp), nuts, mustard and sesame. These 12 allergens are responsible for 90% of allergies in the general population.
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