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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The capacity of the world's desalination plants is now about 30 million cubic meters of fresh water per day. This is about one percent of human need for drinking water. The power consumed by a person at rest is 116 watts. We don't usually think of France as a forested country. Nevertheless, 24%, that is, almost a quarter of its territory, is occupied by forests (in Russia, forests occupy 46% of the territory). The muscles of a patient bedridden for 20 weeks lose 85% of their strength. The muscles of a bear that has slept the same amount of time in a den weaken only by 22%. In the Balearic Islands, Spanish zoologists found a lizard that plays the role of a bee: it feeds on the nectar of the seaside plant kritmum and pollinates its flowers. In the Balearic Islands, Spanish zoologists found a lizard that plays the role of a bee: it feeds on the nectar of the seaside plant kritmum and pollinates its flowers. On the east coast of England, employees of the London Institute of Archeology found stone axes that are from 550 to 700 thousand years old. Until now, it was believed that people have lived in the British Isles for no more than 500 thousand years. At the World Congress of Neurologists, held last summer in London, a proposal was put forward: to introduce a clause in the constitutions of various countries according to which every head of state who has reached the age of 60 would undergo a brain scan once a year to detect signs of multiple sclerosis. On the roads of Denmark, which is slightly smaller in area than the Moscow region, 1,5 million mammals, 3,7 million birds and more than 3 million amphibians are crushed by cars every year. There are approximately 1300 million cubic kilometers of water on Earth, of which 35 million are fresh. But about 70% of fresh water is stored in the form of ice, mostly in Antarctica. There are 172 meteorite impact craters on Earth. Another 409 rounded geological structures are known, the meteorite origin of which is not excluded, but has not yet been proven. There are now more than one hundred thousand national parks, reserves, wildlife sanctuaries and other protected natural areas on Earth. Their total area is 18,8 million square kilometers, that is, 12% of the entire earth's land. This is more than the combined area of Canada, the US and Germany. About a hundred thousand people over the age of a hundred years live on Earth now. On the ground, during the takeoff run, in the process of braking during landing, and even just when taxiing to the right place on the airfield, airliners experience three times more accidents than in the air. It takes XNUMX times more energy to manufacture a battery than the battery is capable of releasing in the course of its operation. In 182, 2003 million cubic meters of water were used to make artificial snow for 12 ski slopes in France. For every Frenchman, there are 360 kilograms of household waste per year. The Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development has set a task to reduce this value to 2010 by 250, and to 2015 kilograms by 200. At the end of 2005, there were 914 industrial robots operating in the world. In Madagascar, the remains of a crocodile were found that lived 70 million years ago, ate exclusively plant food and dug holes. Silence reigns on Mars. This is shown by a simulation of the propagation of sounds in the atmosphere of the planet, carried out on a computer. The roar of a landing rocket, which on Earth would be heard a few kilometers from the landing site, on Mars will not go further than 100-150 meters. At the international trade fair for tinplate technology, held recently in Germany, a new way of organizing the flow of visitors was tested for the first time. Entrance tickets were replaced with weekend tickets. It was possible to enter for free and without standing in line at the cashier, and inside the stands, along with catalogs and prospectuses, they handed out exit cards. At the exit, the card had to be paid. It turned out that such a system saves a lot of time for visitors. At the beginning of 2002, 31 countries of the world had nuclear power plants, the total number of reactors in them was 446. On the newly discovered planet, which received the index HD189733b, wind speeds reach 9600 kilometers per hour. The planet revolves around a star located 60 light years from Earth. In 2000, 19 reactors operate at German nuclear power plants, providing 30% of the country's total energy consumption. All of them should be closed by 2021. The lack of kilowatts will be compensated by gas and solar power plants, as well as energy saving measures. There are 250 bicycles per car in China. There are now about 800 satellites in orbit around the Earth. Among them, most of all - launched in the United States, in second place - Russia, in third - China. A new species of venomous snake has been discovered on the island of Borneo, which changes color from brown-reddish to white in case of danger. This is strange, because only defenseless species of animals, such as chameleons, usually resort to color changes during alarm. Vietnam ranks first in the world in the use of pirated software for computers - 97% of the programs there are copied illegally, without paying developers. In second place is China - 94%. Russia is in fifth place (88%). A million tons of water is used per year to irrigate a high quality golf course. The town with 12 inhabitants consumes the same amount. The production of solar panels consumes such an amount of electricity that they cannot soon return. A polycrystalline silicon battery installed in Johannesburg (South Africa) will return the invested energy in 21 months, in Madrid - in 23 months, in New York - in two and a half years, in Moscow or Tokyo - in three years and three months. For two-thirds of its history, man lived only in Africa. At a distance of 5600 light years from Earth, in the constellation Scorpio, astronomers from the University of British Columbia (Canada) discovered the oldest planet, which is 13 billion years old, that is, it is 8,5 billion years older than Earth. The planet, named Methuselah, orbits an extinct double star and has a diameter twice that of Jupiter. This means that planets began to form as early as a billion years after the Big Bang. The Chinese government spent $2008 million to renovate Beijing's public toilets for the 24 Olympics. On the hands (as well as on the legs, ears, necks and noses) the population of India now has about 14 thousand tons of gold, and every year the people of this not the richest country buy another 600 tons. India itself produces only 9 tons per year, the rest of the gold is imported. In the north of Brazil, the largest forest reserve in the world is being created. Its area will be 150 thousand square kilometers (a quarter of the territory of France). In the north of Niger, paleontologists have found the remains of a giant newt more than three meters long. Such amphibians, similar to modern crocodiles, lived about 250 million years ago. As of September last year, there were 2698 artificial satellites in orbit around the Earth. But only a third of them are active, the rest have exhausted their resources. There are 20 computers per 70 inhabitants of Niger, and 000 for the same number of citizens of Luxembourg. Only 0,3 percent of Africans have access to the Internet. On US streets and roads, 8% of traffic lights have been replaced with LEDs. A total of 46 million green and 39 million red and yellow LEDs were used. The energy consumption of such a traffic light is reduced by 90%, and the service life of new light sources is 10 times longer than that of a light bulb. The air is cleaner outside than in the subway. In any case, this is how things are in Paris: a cubic meter of metro air contains 200 micrograms of suspended particles, and only 47 micrograms in the air of the busiest Parisian street. French ski resorts in the Alps used 2,6 million cubic meters of water to produce artificial snow last season. Due to the warming of the climate in the mountains, there is less and less snow: the number of snow cannons in mountain resorts from 1988 to 1998 increased annually by 28%. Bacteria found at the South Pole thrive at minus 12 degrees Celsius. Observations of five American astronauts during shuttle flights have shown that people do not snore in space. On Earth, astronauts snored for 16% of their total sleep time, while in space it was less than 1%. About 70 lightning bolts strike the Earth every second. The highest average life expectancy for women in Europe was achieved in France - almost 82 years. Men are 8 years behind the beautiful half. The largest number of translations of Immanuel Kant's works in the last 10 years has been made into the Farsi language, which is widespread mainly in Iran and Afghanistan. A 9300-year-old human skeleton found in Washington state, which belonged to one of the first settlers of America, turned out to be closest to the Polynesians and the ancient population of Japan - the Ainu, which confuses our ideas about where people came from to the American mainland. The resemblance to Europeans or modern Indians is very distant. About 4000 types of viruses are known to science, and their total number is estimated to be about 400. The US National Academy of Engineering announced that it will pay a million dollars to anyone who offers a cheap, easy-to-use and safe way to remove arsenic from drinking water sources in developing countries. Contamination levels must be reduced from 300 ppb of arsenic to a safe 10 ppb. The US National Security Agency has patented a method for pinpointing the exact location of any computer connected to the Internet. This feature is useful not only for catching hackers and virus writers, but also for targeted advertising, such as stores and companies located close to the location of each computer. The National Institutes of Health gave $1,3 million to research into brushing teeth. The study, which will be conducted on 140 volunteers, should show whether bacterial plaque on uncleaned teeth really increases the risk of heart disease, as some theories suggest. The development of the project of the second tunnel under the English Channel has begun, this time - automobile. The 50 km long tunnel project should be completed by 2000, and the decision on construction will be made by the governments of England and France between 2005 and 2010. Not every dog owner will distinguish his pet from afar by barking. A computer program developed at Lorand Eötvös University in Budapest can distinguish between dogs by their barking sounds. Not only the Aral Sea has been affected by human activities: due to climate change and water withdrawal for irrigation, the area of Lake Chad, one of the largest lakes in Africa, decreased by 1963% from 2001 to 95. A newly discovered species of small freshwater fish from Equatorial Africa is the vertebrate with the shortest lifespan. These fish, 4-6 centimeters long, start breeding four weeks after hatching from eggs. And two weeks later they begin to die of old age. Perhaps the fact is that they live in temporary puddles that appear during the rainy season. An independent advisory body, the London Institute of Public Policy Research, is recommending that the UK government require airlines to print a warning, like the one on cigarette packs, in large print on tickets: flying contributes to global warming. In fact, the flight of one passenger from England to Australia and back releases 4,5 tons of carbon dioxide into the air, which heats up the atmosphere. Non-healing wounds can be healed with pure oxygen. In experiments conducted in the USA, a wound that did not respond to other treatment was covered for an hour and a half with a polymer bubble with adhesive edges fixed to the skin, and oxygen was passed under the bubble. The results are impressive. Neuroscientists at Harvard Medical School study the dreams of American astronauts and Russian cosmonauts on Earth and in space. In orbit, there are often dreams with flying, swimming, falling, rotating. Obviously, this makes itself felt by the vestibular apparatus, confused by weightlessness. The German airline Lufthansa is testing special sensors on 30 of its aircraft that can detect passengers using cell phones or laptops in flight. The radiation from these devices interferes with aircraft navigation electronics. In the meantime, the Bundestag is considering a law banning the use of phones and computers not only on all German aircraft, but also on the liners of other countries while they fly through German airspace. The German company Zenn has released watches for diving enthusiasts, insensitive to rapid temperature fluctuations. Mechanical watches can withstand temperature differences from minus 45 to plus 80 degrees Celsius without losing accuracy. They were tested on an expedition to the North Pole: divers plunged into icy water, and then hurried to the sauna, which was on board the expedition ship.
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