Low voltage halogen lamps with interference reflectors. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Halogen incandescent lamps. Low voltage lamps with interference reflectors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Halogen lamps

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One of the options for mirror lamps are lamps with interference reflectors, which are low-voltage capsules placed inside glass parabolic cases (Fig. 5.8).

Their name comes from the phenomenon interference, due to which a thin metal film deposited on glass reflects only radiation of certain wavelengths. The thickness of the film is selected in such a way that the infrared (thermal) radiation of the filament passes through it freely to the outside, and visible light is reflected in the direction of the lamp axis.

Sometimes lamps of this type are incorrectly referred to as "dichroic"(from the English name dichroic lamps). A certain amount of visible light also passes through the reflector, which acquires color shades and is advantageously used in functional and decorative lamps.

Reflector mirror halogen lamps can be opened or have a protective front glass. According to the international classification, a bulb of this type belongs to type R, however, it is traditionally denoted by the letters MR (mirror reflector). This bulb is available in two versions, with a reflector diameter of 51 and 35 mm (types MR16 and MR1I) and cap types GU5.3/GU4, respectively.

Due to the fact that the interference reflector concentrates only the light, but not the heat emitted by the lamp, models of this variety are also called cold light bulbs. This term, however, does not mean that the lamp does not radiate heat at all. The heat radiation from the filament, still more than 90% of the lamp's power, is dissipated more or less uniformly in all directions around it.

Halogen incandescent lamps. Low voltage lamps with interference reflectors
Rice. 5.8. Appearance of GLN with interference reflectors

At the same time, the lamp and the lamp socket experience an increased thermal load, so the possibility of using such lamps should be specifically discussed. In the catalogs, cold light lamps are marked with special symbols.

A mirror lamp, unlike a lamp with a reflector, is a non-separable structure. The user is not able to change its angle of radiation, so a wide range of models with certain light distributions is produced.

Conventionally, they can be divided into three main groups:

lamps with narrow (8-12°) light beams;
lamps with medium (18-24 °) light beams;
lamps with wide (36-60°) light beams.

Along with a direct indication of the radiation angle in degrees, in lighting practice, its simpler ones are accepted, letter designations:

NSP or SSP (narrow spot or super spot - ultra-narrow) - less than 8 °;
SP (spot - narrow) - 8-12 °;
FL (flood - medium) - 24-30°;
WFL (wideflood - wide) - 36-38 °;
VWFL (very wideflood - very wide) - 60 ° or more.

The word flood indicates the applicability of this light distribution for flood lighting. Lamps with all light distribution options are available with a power of 20,35,50 and (less commonly) 100 watts.

Rule. The narrower the light beam of a lamp of the same power, the higher its axial luminous intensity, since the luminous flux remains constant.

On this basis, narrow light distribution most suitable for creating small bright spots of light or highlighting objects from long distances. Average light distribution suitable for creating relatively large light accents, and wide light distribution - for general overhead lighting.

Front glass lamps with a beam width of 60° is covered with special glass beads, due to which these lamps give an almost diffused light without clear boundaries of the light spot.

The ability to control the light properties of the lamp by changing the thickness of the interference coating (in this case, the set of reflected wavelengths changes) is used in modifications with a color temperature increased to 4000 K and color models. Colored light can also be achieved by using front glasses with filtering properties in the lamps. As a rule, the use of a double bulb and special coatings eliminates ultraviolet from the spectrum of mirror lamps. However, some models, primarily those without protective glass, may still produce harmful shortwave radiation.

In addition, these same models are not protected from accidental hand contact with the internal quartz capsule. To warn of the necessary precautions, as in all previously described cases, special markings are used.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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