Instructions for labor protection when working at height

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions for labor protection when working at height

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General safety requirements

1.1. Work at height is considered to be all work that is performed at a height of 1,5 to 5 m from the ground surface, ceiling or working platform, on which work is carried out from mounting devices or directly from structural elements, equipment, machines and mechanisms, during their operation, installation and repair.

1.2. Persons who have reached the age of 18, have a medical certificate on admission to work at height, have been trained and instructed in safety precautions and have received permission to work independently are allowed to work at height.

1.3. Work at height must be carried out from scaffolding means (scaffolding, platforms, decks, platforms, telescopic towers, suspended cradles with winches, ladders and other similar auxiliary devices and devices) that provide safe working conditions.

1.4. All scaffolding used to organize workplaces at height must be registered, have inventory numbers and plates indicating the date of the conducted and next tests.

Laying the device and working on random stands (boxes, barrels, etc.) is prohibited.

1.5. Control over the state of scaffolding should be carried out by persons from among the engineers who are appointed by order for the enterprise (oil depot).

1.6. Workers of all specialties should be provided with safety belts and, if necessary, safety helmets to perform even short-term work at height from ladders.

Safety belts issued to workers must be tagged with a test mark.

1.7. It is forbidden to use a defective safety belt or with an expired test period.

1.8. Work at height is carried out during the daytime.

In emergency cases (during troubleshooting), on the basis of an order from the administration, work at height at night is allowed in compliance with all safety rules under the control of engineer. At night, the place of work should be well lit.

1.9. In winter, when working outdoors, paving means must be systematically cleared of snow and ice and sprinkled with sand.

1.10. With a wind force of 6 points (10-12 m / s) or more, with a thunderstorm, heavy snowfall, sleet, work at a height in the open air is not allowed.

1.11. It is impossible to arbitrarily rebuild decking, scaffolding and fences.

1.12. Electric wires located closer than 5 m from the stairs (scaffolds) must be protected or de-energized for the duration of the work.

1.13. Workers are obliged to perform the assigned work, observing the labor protection requirements set forth in this instruction.

1.14. For violation of the requirements of the instructions related to the work they perform, workers are liable in the manner prescribed by the Internal Regulations.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, you must:

arrange work clothes; fasten the cuffs of the sleeves and all the buttons of the clothes;
check the serviceability of scaffolds, scaffolding, ladders, lifting mechanisms and tools;
check protective equipment (safety belts, cables, ropes, etc.), whether they have been tested and whether there are tags indicating the date of the last test.

2.2. Ladders and ladders must be inspected by the immediate supervisor of the work (foreman). Faulty ladders and ladders must be replaced.

2.3. Do not install ladders on the roof, flights of stairs and in other places that do not have a horizontal base.

2.4. Before the start of operation and every six months, ladders and ladders should be tested with a static load of 120-180 kgf, applied for 2 minutes to one of the steps and the middle of the ladder run, installed at an angle of 75 ° to the horizontal surface.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. Simultaneous work in 2 or more tiers vertically is prohibited.

3.2. It is forbidden to stack the tool at the edge of the platform, throw it and materials on the floor or on the ground. The tool must be stored in a special bag or box.

3.3. When lifting and descending from a height, it is forbidden to hold tools and parts in your hands, they must be lifted and lowered on a rope, cable or in bags over your shoulder.

3.4. It is forbidden to toss any objects to serve to the worker at the top. Serving should be done with the help of ropes, to the middle of which the necessary items are tied. The second end of the rope should be in the hands of the worker standing below, who keeps the objects being lifted from swinging.

3.5. A person working at height must ensure that there are no people below his workplace.

3.6. When using ladders and ladders, it is prohibited:

work on unreinforced structures and walk on them, as well as climb over fences;
work on the top two rungs of the ladder;
two workers should be on the ladder or on one side of the ladder;
move up the stairs with a load or with a tool in hand;
use stairs with steps sewn with nails;
work on a faulty ladder or steps doused with slippery oil products;
build stairs in length, regardless of the material from which they are made;
stand or work under stairs;
install ladders near rotating shafts, pulleys, etc.;
perform work with pneumatic tools;
perform electrical work.

3.7. In order to prevent accidents in case of accidental drops of any objects, tools, etc. areas dangerous for finding people should be fenced off, have clearly visible warning signs and be guarded by a specially assigned worker.

When working on slatted platforms, a dense boardwalk should be arranged to prevent falling of tools and materials from them.

3.8. If any malfunctions, signs of incipient destruction are found, all work should be immediately stopped, workers should be evacuated from a height and the foreman or administration should be informed.

4. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

4.1. When you have finished working with the safety belt, you must not unhook the carabiner of the belt until you reach the floor or ladder.

4.2. The decks and ladders of scaffolding and scaffolding must be cleaned periodically and after completion of work from debris and waste materials.

4.3. Tools, cleaned of mortar and dirt, overalls, protective equipment must be brought in. order and put in the designated place.

4.4. The completion of work must be reported to the master (administration of the tank farm).

5. Requirements for scaffolding designed to organize jobs in the production of work at height

5.1. Scaffolding and scaffolding

5.1.1. When performing work at height, strong scaffolding should be arranged to organize jobs at different horizons and scaffolds for performing work that requires moving jobs along the work front.

5.1.2. Tubular metal scaffolding must be provided with grounding devices and lightning protection.

5.1.3. Assembly and disassembly of scaffolding must be carried out under the guidance and supervision of the foreman or foreman.

5.1.4. Before starting work on the dismantling of scaffolding with a height of more than 4 meters, technical personnel must inspect the structures to be dismantled, familiarize the participating workers with possible dangers and give instructions on the sequence, method of dismantling and safety measures.

5.1.5. Access of people to the area where the installation or dismantling of scaffolding and scaffolding is carried out must be closed.

5.1.6. Scaffolding means, the working platform of which is located at a height of 1,3 m or more from the ground or ceiling, must have a railing and side railing. The distance between the horizontal elements of the fence should be more than 0,45 m or the fence should have a mesh, lattice, etc. filling. Railing elements should be attached to the posts from the inside.

The height of the railing of the fence must be at least 1,1 m.

The height of the side railing is not less than 0,15 m.

The load-bearing elements of the working platform fencing must withstand a load of at least 70 kgf.

Periodic scaffold inspections should be carried out daily before starting work.

Wooden shields and side railings of scaffolding and scaffolding made of coniferous boards subjected to antiseptic protection must be deeply impregnated with a fire retardant composition.

5.1.7. The loads on the scaffolds should not exceed the permissible values established by the project (passport).

5.1.8. The surface of the soil on which the scaffolds are installed must be planned, compacted and ensured the removal of atmospheric precipitation from it.

5.1.9. The width of the decking on the scaffolds must be at least 2 m for stone ones; 1,5 m - for plaster; 1 m - for painting and installation work. When supplying bricks directly to the workplace, a platform width of at least 1,5 m is allowed.

5.1.10. The flooring on the scaffolds must have a flat surface with gaps between the boards of no more than 5 mm. Lap jointing of shields is allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be located on the support and overlap it by at least 20 cm in each direction. To avoid thresholds, the upper ends of the overlapped shields are bevelled.

5.1.11. For flooring, boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm should be used.

5.1.12. When installing scaffolds with a height of more than 2,5 m, they must be fixed to the wall.

5.1.13. The gap between the wall of the building and the working deck of the scaffold should not exceed 50 mm for masonry and 150 mm for finishing work, otherwise the gap must be closed.

5.1.14. Scaffolds up to 4 m high are allowed for operation only after their acceptance by the manufacturer of works, and over 4 m - after their technical examination by the commission with drawing up an act of the established form.

5.1.15. On the scaffolds, posters should be posted with layouts and the magnitude of the loads allowed on these scaffolds. The working platform of the scaffold should be painted red and the railing yellow.

5.1.16. It is not allowed to clutter up the approaches to the ladders and step-ladders of the scaffolds.

5.1.17. Scaffolds that are temporarily out of service should be maintained in good working order. At each resumption of work, the scaffolding must be re-accepted with the drawing up of an act.

5.2. Ladders and ladders

If it is not possible to make a scaffold, short-term work at a low height is allowed to be carried out from attached portable ladders and ladders.

Stairs must be strong, reliable and meet the following requirements:

5.2.1. The total length of wooden portable ladders in all cases should not exceed 5 m, and ladders used for light work at height should be of such length that it is possible to work from a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder.

5.2.2. The wood used for the manufacture of ladders and ladders must be seasoned and dry, free of knots and cracks, and treated with antiseptic and fire retardant compounds.

5.2.3. The steps of wooden ladders and ladders must be firmly inserted into the slotted and drilled holes in the bowstrings. The distance between the steps should not exceed 0,4 m. The bowstrings of the stairs should be fastened with tie bolts at least every 2 m, as well as under the upper and lower steps.

5.2.4. The lower support ends of the attached vertical and inclined ladders must have stops in the form of sharp steel tips or rubber shoes to prevent slipping of the lower base when installed on the ground, asphalt, concrete and other surfaces.

5.2.5. Ladders used for work on communication lines must have hooks in the upper part to prevent the ladder from falling from wind and accidental shocks.

5.2.6. If, when working inside a building, it is not possible to securely fasten the top of the ladder, then a worker must be at its base to maintain the ladder in a stable position.

5.2.7. If it is necessary to work with simultaneous support of parts, ladders with upper platforms should be used, fenced on 3 sides with railings with a height of at least 1 m. The height of the side railing of the platforms should be at least 0,15 m.

5.2.8. Ladders with platforms should be pyramidal, strong, stable and easily moved.

5.2.9. The lower ends of the bowstrings of the stepladders must be upholstered with rubber on one side, and equipped with wheels on the other. 4-wheel ladders with platforms must be equipped with a device that allows the wheels to be sunk in the event that a worker steps onto the ladder.

5.2.10. Sliding stepladders must have locking devices that protect them from spontaneous separation during operation.

5.3. Lifting and hanging scaffolding, cradles

5.3.1. Lifting and hanging scaffolds, cradles consist of upper supporting structures (consoles), a suspension system (strings or strands), a suspended structure (cross with shields and fences) and mechanisms for raising and lowering scaffolds and cradles.

5.3.2. Suspended scaffolding may be allowed for operation only after they have been tested with a static load that exceeds the calculated one by 25%, and lifting scaffolds and cradles - by 50% and a dynamic load test that exceeds the calculated one by 10%. An act must be drawn up on the test results. Tests must be carried out at each relocation of scaffolding, but at least once a year.

Signs are hung on the cradles indicating the inventory number, load capacity and test period.

5.3.3. Along the entire perimeter, the cradle must have a solid fence with a height of at least 1,2 m on the non-working sides, and at least 1,0 m on the side of the work front. The height of the side fence around the entire perimeter of the cradle must be at least 0,15 m. doors in the fence of cradles are not allowed. The flooring must be solid.

5.3.4. When hanging the cradle on a hook, the mouth of the hook must be closed with a pin that prevents the ring from falling out of the hook. Hooks must be tested with a static load twice the working load.

5.3.5. Winches for lifting and lowering cradles must meet the requirements of the Gosgortekhnadzor Rules, have automatic braking devices with safe handles. Steel ropes holding scaffolding, cradles must be flexible, with a ninefold margin of safety, with a diameter of at least 7 mm.

Splicing ropes is not allowed. It is forbidden to use rope ropes to lift cradles and decks through blocks.

5.3.6. The movement of individual ropes when lifting and lowering the cradles must be free. Friction of ropes on protruding structures is not allowed.

5.3.7. The winches used to raise and lower the cradle shall be supported on a foundation or provided with ballast to ensure their stability under double the working load.

5.3.8. Persons must be allowed to control winches intended for lifting people in the manner prescribed by the Rules of Gosgortekhnadzor. Starting devices for control must be made reliably, the possibility of self-switching on or off by unauthorized persons must be excluded.

5.3. 9. Descent and ascent of people on cradles is allowed only with the help of winches. It is strictly forbidden to lift workers and work on rope loops and other devices.

5.3.10. It is allowed to get out of the cradle only after it is lowered to the ground. It is strictly forbidden to leave the cradle, which is in a suspended state, through windows and other openings of buildings.

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