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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
On March 18, asteroid 2004 FH with a diameter of 30 meters passed at a distance of 43 thousand kilometers from Earth. This is the closest asteroid flyby recorded so far. It is believed that objects of this size pass at this distance from our planet about once every two years, but go unnoticed. 19% of the energy used in the world goes to lighting. On November 25, 2005, the last film cassette rolled off the assembly line of the German company AGFA. The famous company, which could not withstand competition with Japanese manufacturers and suffered from the massive transition to digital photography, was declared bankrupt. 25 percent of young people in developing countries smoked their first cigarette before the age of 10. The World Health Organization came to this conclusion after examining 50 schoolchildren in 207 countries: Zimbabwe, China, Costa Rica, Poland, Jordan, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, Ukraine, Fiji and Barbados. 29% of Americans in a recent poll said they would not want to buy food products that use nanotechnology. 30% of the budget of the European Parliament, that is, about two billion French francs, is spent annually on the translation of speeches and documents from and into each of the 11 languages of the members of the European Union. 30% of the coasts of the seas on our planet are built up or damaged by other human activities. 33% of French people use the Internet, 46% have an idea of what it is, but have never been to the World Wide Web themselves, and 20% have heard about it, but know practically nothing except the name. 37% of European Union residents have never used a computer and have never visited the Internet. This was shown by a survey conducted among Europeans aged 16 to 74 years. There are especially many computer illiterate people in Greece (62%), Italy (59%) and Portugal (54%). The most computer-advanced are the Danes and Swedes, among whom only 10 and 11%, respectively, have never interacted with a computer. 40 percent of patients in French hospitals complain of malnutrition. Of the 68 hospitals surveyed, only one in five patients are regularly weighed. In some hospitals, the break between breakfast and lunch is as much as 12 hours. 41 percent of twins born are born in Africa, although the population of the continent is only 13 percent of the total population of mankind, and the frequency of birth of twins here is not higher than on other continents. The fact is that here the birth rate is 2-4 times higher. 42% of space debris orbiting the Earth belongs to China, 27,5% to the United States, 25,5% to Russia and 5% to other countries. 45% of the world's grain harvest is used to feed livestock. 50% of medicines intended for children and 75% of adult medicines have not been tested on children, and long-term effects of their use in the treatment of children have not been traced. 54% of Americans are clinically obese, but only 46% of the population believe they are overweight. (For comparison: in Russia, about 30% of the urban working population are obese.) $58 million will be spent over the next two years to read the gray rat's genetic code. 66% of French people read at least 12 books a year, and 12% write poetry from time to time. 66% of French people who have a computer at home use it primarily for gaming. 70% of all antibiotics consumed in the US are used in livestock to promote growth and weight gain in livestock. 70% of chronic patients in Germany choose homeopathic treatment to alleviate their suffering. In general, 65% of women and 50% of men believe in non-traditional (not recognized by scientific medicine) methods of treatment in Germany. 8,5% of the energy consumed in Europe comes from renewable sources. Finland relies on them the most - 28,5%, and Malta least of all - 0%. 80% of the water pipes in American homes are copper, the remaining 20% are stainless steel and plastic. 80% of the price of tap water in Germany is the cost of transportation, and only 20% is the cost of extracting and treating water. 90 percent of the documents produced by the UN are in English and are not duplicated in any of the organization's other official working languages. 90% of all improvements made to new car models relate to electronics. 90% of the world's banana crop is eaten where these bananas grow. 97% of French citizens believe that in the coming years, the French government should increase support for science as a priority. 90% of respondents are interested in scientific and technical news, but 64% believe that they receive too little information on this topic from the media. 99,9% of hereditary information is the same in all people. Such purely individual characteristics as skin color, eyes and hair, facial features, fingerprints, temperament, abilities and talents, as well as hereditary diseases, fit into 0,1% of our genome. Starting from the new academic year, schools in England have stopped teaching foreign languages to children 14 years of age and older. True, as before, languages have been taught for the previous three years. The most youthful country in the world is Yemen. Here, 52 percent of the population is under the age of 15. In the Dominican Republic, a piece of amber aged 15-20 million years was found, in amber - a bee, and on its legs - orchid pollen. So, orchids already existed then. A. Kasumov from the University of Paris-Sud (France) discovered that the DNA molecule becomes superconducting if strongly cooled electrodes are attached to its ends. The discovery could be useful for creating parts for quantum computers. Air travel emits 600 million tons of carbon dioxide into the air every year, and all the cars in the world emit 4,2 billion tons. Australian astronomers have found the slowest pulsar. This rotating neutron star, catalog number PSRJ2144-3933, emits a radio signal every 8,51 seconds, far less than any other known pulsar. According to the accepted theory of pulsars, radio waves should not be generated at such a rotation speed, so, apparently, the theory will have to be revised. Australian astronomers have counted all the stars in the visible universe. It turned out 70 sextillion (seven with 22 zeros). This is 10 times more than the number of grains of sand in all the deserts and on all the beaches of the Earth. Calculation method: we chose a random square of the sky, measured its brightness, recalculated it from the brightness of the average star to the number of stars, and extended the result to the entire celestial sphere. Australian virologists have studied the Spanish flu virus, a deadly type of influenza that killed more people in 1918-1919 than the First World War. It turned out that this virus combined the genes of human and swine flu, which gave it a special contagiousness and the ability to penetrate deep into the lungs. Spanish influenza viruses were extracted from the lungs of an American who died from it in 1919 and was buried in the permafrost in Alaska. Australian geneticists from the University of Queensland have found a mutation in one of the genes in people who easily succumb to the persuasion of friends to drink for company. It is activated when persuading drinking companions to keep up with the general pace of drinking. People with this gene can easily be provoked to take drugs for company. Australian metallurgists intend to burn plastic bags and other polyethylene waste in blast furnaces, replacing a third of coke in iron smelting with polyethylene. The temperature in the blast furnace is so high that dangerous polyethylene combustion products - dioxins are destroyed. Australian scientists intend to switch their Antarctic station Mawson to power supply from the wind. Three wind turbines with a capacity of 300 kilowatts each in a special Antarctic design, manufactured in Germany, will be installed here. They are more than enough for lighting and heating. Mawson Station is one of the windiest places in Antarctica, where strong winds almost constantly blow from the South Pole towards the ocean. Austrian archaeologists have found the burial places of 70 Roman gladiators near Ephesus in Turkey. According to the chemical composition of the bones, it was possible to establish that the gladiators were mainly vegetarians - they ate barley porridge, oatmeal, beans and dried fruits. Austrian biochemists have shown that human sweat contains 373 volatile compounds, which together form the individual smell of each of us. Austrian doctors accidentally discovered a reliable way to lose weight. An obese patient was undergoing surgery, and it was only with difficulty that the anesthesia hose was inserted into his windpipe. At the same time, the taste buds on the tongue were damaged, and for two years after the operation, the patient felt only sweet taste, but did not perceive either sour, salty, or bitter. From this, almost all food seemed tasteless to him, and in two years he lost 20 kilograms in weight. Now nutritionists are looking for drugs that temporarily disable the sense of taste. Austrian pharmacologists asked themselves the question: do drugs suffer when a red beam of a laser scanner strikes a transparent jar of pills or medicine at a pharmacy cash register? It turned out that, at least, thyroxin, which is used to treat thyroid disorders, does not change in any way during short-term laser irradiation. Drivers between the ages of 18 and 21 make up just 7% of all license holders in England, but they account for 13% of fatal accidents. Drivers are especially prone to speeding at dusk and at night. As scientists of the German Institute of Biocybernetics found, sensitive retinal cells - rods, which are mainly responsible for vision at dusk, transmit their signals to the brain about a quarter slower than cones, which work only in good light. Therefore, in the evening it seems to the driver that the car is going too slowly, and he presses on the gas. Motorists in Thailand are switching to a new fuel - a mixture of coconut oil and kerosene. At gas stations, it is sold one and a half times cheaper than regular gasoline. Autofocus has become commonplace in modern cameras, even inexpensive ones. The American company I-Vision is working on glasses that will change their optical power themselves, focusing on the subject that the glasses wearer is currently looking at. But before it is possible to fit such automation into the frame of glasses, it will take another two or three years. The Chevrolet automobile company (USA) has released a model that automatically reports collisions to the rescue service via radio, which will reduce the number of victims of car accidents, especially in rural areas, where only 20% of all car collisions occur, but 60% of road traffic victims die in them. movement across the country. Sharks kill an average of five people every year. People annually catch one hundred million sharks. The American space administration NASA has announced a competition to create a device that extracts oxygen from lunar dust. The device must weigh no more than 25 kilograms. The deadline for delivery of existing models (tests will take place on crushed earth basalt) is June 1, 2008. The first prize will be $250 thousand. American statistics show that in those states where the percentage of people who keep weapons at home is higher, there are twice as many child suicides. The American company Bit-Micro starts producing 1,6 terabyte flash memory devices. True, such a flash drive will cost about 10 thousand dollars and will find application so far only in military and space technology. The American company Corus Motors proposes to supply the front wheel of airliners with an electric drive so that the aircraft does not have to wait for a tractor at the runway. The idea, according to the calculation of its authors, will save a million dollars a year on one aircraft. The American company Motorola intends to create a pocket device that will allow opponents of genetic engineering to recognize products with transgenic plant or animal components right in the store or on the market. American astronomers using a laser measured the distance to the moon to the nearest millimeter. And German geophysicists, using the signals of quasars as radio beacons, specified the diameter of the Earth - it turned out to be 2,5 millimeters smaller than previously thought. American biologists subjected E. coli bacteria to a pressure of 16 atmospheres for 800 hours. About one percent passed this test. American physicians are generally immune to pharmaceutical advertising. A two-year study of 74 physicians conducted in the United States showed that, on average, it takes three conversations between an advertising agent and a doctor for him to prescribe an advertised drug once again. And giving doctors promotional packs of medicines for free is even less effective: 26 packs must be distributed to get one extra prescription.
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