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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
American doctors recommend eating two apples daily or drinking one and a half glasses of apple juice or red grape juice to prevent atherosclerosis. The antioxidants contained in these products slow down the formation of dangerous cholesterol. American geneticists have completely read the genome of rice. There are about 12 thousand genes in 50 chromosomes of this plant. This is the first cultivated plant whose genome has been deciphered. It is believed that the rice genome is the smallest and simplest of all cereal genomes and can become the basis for reading the hereditary information of other cereal crops. American meteorologists measured the dust content of the air after the annual grandiose fireworks on July 4, the Independence Day of the United States. It turned out that the amount of the smallest aerosol particles in the air increases immediately after the salute, reaches a maximum after 12 hours, after another 7 hours it begins to fall. The last pyrotechnic particles were noted in the air as early as 19 July. American microbiologists found more than 20 species of microorganisms in a liter of sea water and concluded that the diversity of oceanic microbes is 000-10 times higher than previously thought. American psychologists have found that the sale of shares in a new company goes better, and the stock price rises faster if the company has a short and easy-to-remember name. The difference, however, is only 2% and lasts only a few months, after which the established reputation comes to the fore, and not the name of the new company. But with large trading volumes, 2% can make up a whole capital. American dentists have created a mouthwash that discourages smoking. The liquid itself tastes good, but within 6-8 hours after its use, any cigarette, cigarette or pipe smells like burnt rubber to the smoker. Miracle rinse also reduces the formation of plaque on the teeth, relieves inflammation of the gums and eliminates bad breath. American physicists refuted the discovery made by them two years ago: elements number 116 and 118, which seemed to have been obtained in 1999 and existed, as it should be for superheavy transuranics, for only a trillionth of a second, actually represented an experimental error. American chemists have developed a way to turn soybean oil into jet fuel. The difficulty was that aviation fuel must withstand temperatures down to minus 40 degrees Celsius, and vegetable oils turn into a thick mass already at zero degrees. American ecologists have calculated the indicator of environmental quality for different countries of the world for the next economic forum in Davos. In this case, 21 environmental parameters were used. Finland, Norway, Uruguay, Sweden, Iceland and Canada are in the first six places in terms of the cleanliness of the environment. Russia occupies a good 33rd place, followed by Botswana, Papua New Guinea, and France. The US is ranked 45th. In last place is North Korea. American entomologists recommend placing two fans on the sides at the entrance to each plane flying from hot countries to Europe or America, driving air at a speed of a meter per second. The air flow drives away 99% of flies and mosquitoes trying to fly into the cabin of an airliner. These insects, through flights, can spread dangerous tropical diseases to other continents. American UFO enthusiasts have been claiming for many years that an extraterrestrial flying object fell on the territory of a top-secret US Air Force base in Nevada and its remains are being studied in deep secrecy by specialists there. Geologist Charles Sandburg established that this is indeed the case: an asteroid about six kilometers across fell into the territory of the current base 367 million years ago, forming a crater about a hundred kilometers in diameter that has since been covered by soil. The geologist is already studying the remnants of the asteroid, without, however, making a special secret of this. American biologist Alex Fowler proposes to settle on the fibers of textiles from which clothing is made, bacteria that can eat dirt and sweat. A shirt made of this material can be left unwashed, but it may need to be dipped in a sugar solution occasionally to feed the bacteria. The American town of Manchester in South Dakota in June 2003 was invaded by a tornado that caused great destruction. Now this tornado is modeled on a computer. When scrolling the model on the monitor screen, the computer performs about four billion arithmetic operations per second. In addition to meteorologists, filmmakers became interested in the model: the picture turned out to be very natural. American engineer Todd Lizotte proposes to engrave with a laser an identification mark on the striker of each pistol, so that the imprint on the cartridge case primer can instantly determine who owns the weapon. So far, no weapons manufacturer has accepted this idea, not wanting to make their products less anonymous. The American spacecraft, which was supposed to study the climate of Mars, crashed near the red planet. The reason is that the engineers of the group that compiled the computer programs for controlling the brake motors calculated thrust in pounds, and those responsible for reaching the correct trajectory - in newtons. The American spacecraft, which is due to land on Mars in 1999, will have a microphone on board, through which the sounds of Mars can be heard on Earth via the Internet. By the way, the electronic circuit for the Martian microphone was created in Moscow, at the Space Research Institute. Americans are more loving parents than the French. The average American father spends 5 hours a week with children older than 4,5, while the French father only spends 2 hours. A working American mother spends 7 hours a week with her children, while a French mother spends 5 hours a week. Moreover, surveys conducted regularly since 1960 show that in the United States, the duration of contact between parents and children is constantly growing, while in France it is decreasing. Americans spend $500 million annually on therapeutic magnetic devices. Manufacturers claim that, for example, a permanent magnet worn on the leg improves blood circulation in the veins and relieves pain. The effectiveness of magnetotherapy has not yet been proven, and in one case its uselessness has been proven. In experiments with a hundred volunteers, it was shown that magnetic insoles do not cure foot pain. Americans who have guns at home are 10 times more likely to be shot dead than those who do not own guns. An analysis of air routes and the location of airports in the world, conducted at the Northwestern University of Illinois (USA), showed that 3663 cities of the Earth are now connected by flights. For a flight between any two of them, on average, 4,4 flights are required, that is, more than three transfers. In terms of the number of direct air links with other cities and the possibility of transfers, Paris is in the lead, followed by Anchorage (Alaska). An analysis of the genes responsible for the sense of smell in humans was carried out by French scientists. It turned out that 72 percent of our olfactory genes have mutated during human evolution and practically do not work. An analysis of weather reports dating back to 1850 shows that the number of storms in the North Atlantic has doubled over the past hundred years. An analysis of approximately 30 scientific articles on biology and medicine published over the past 30 years led Swedish biologists from the University of Uppsala to the conclusion that during this time the number of experimental animals sacrificed to science annually has decreased by 30%. They try to replace animals in experiments with microorganisms, plants, tissue cultures, and computer simulations. An analysis of the operation of 19 wind farms in different countries, conducted by the International Energy Agency, showed that due to the variability of the wind, in some cases it is necessary to keep another of the same capacity near the wind farm - thermal, nuclear or hydroelectric. However, if the country has a unified energy system, such a large reserve is not required. An analysis of the content of the world's three major scientific journals on nanotechnology showed that the United States leads in terms of the number of articles published in them - 50%, China is in second place - 10%. An analysis of the topics of articles in the world's five leading scientific medical journals showed that only five percent of them are devoted to diseases characteristic of poor third world countries. The remaining 95 percent of scientific papers deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases arising from overeating, sedentary lifestyles, environmental pollution, nervous stress and other pleasures of life in industrialized countries. The British airline British Airways intends to equip its planes with seats for children under two years old. A folding chair is attached to the fixed parts of an ordinary, adult. The English company SFT started production of X-ray units for the food industry. An AI-assisted X-ray machine detects bones in meat and fish, resulting in a 75% reduction in consumer complaints about a bone in a hamburger or sandwich. The English company Dyson began to build the fastest electric motor into their vacuum cleaners. It makes 100 thousand revolutions per minute. The microcircuit that controls the engine switches its coils 400 times per minute. English astronomers discovered the smallest galaxy in the constellation Leo - its diameter is 16 times smaller than ours. English astronomers discovered the smallest galaxy in the constellation Leo - its diameter is 16 times smaller than ours. English vagabonds acquire e-mail. A person who does not have a permanent place of residence cannot get a job (both in our country and in England), and without a job, he cannot get an apartment or a house. One e-mail provider has now provided free e-mail boxes for 14 bunkhouses. Each of the 200 residents of the shelter will receive a personal email address for six months and will be able to correspond with various employers, looking for a job. British veterinarians have found that cows infected with mad cow disease, 8 months before the onset of symptoms of the disease, heart rhythm disturbances are noted. English doctors made an interesting discovery: some cells in the bone marrow, normally engaged in the production of blood cells, can turn into liver cells. It may be possible to replace a liver transplant with a transplant in its place of cells taken from the patient's own bone marrow. English doctors monitored the growth of 6574 seven-year-old children born in one week. About one child in every 20 has parents who divorce during their lifetime. It turned out that children from broken families, as a rule, lag behind in growth. English and Italian inventors have patented a bicycle pedal that changes its length by three centimeters twice in one rotation of the sprocket, maintaining the most advantageous lever length. This allows you to beat rivals by a kilometer in an hour of the race. But it is not yet known whether the Cycling Federation will allow the use of new pedals in competitions. British brain researchers have discovered that in bilingual people, deep in the left hemisphere of the brain, in the so-called caudate nucleus, there is a switch that switches from one vocabulary to another. British researchers analyzed 63 samples of butter from 23 countries for the content of polychlorinated biphenyls - toxic substances, which include many pesticides (for example, DDT). Their lowest content was found in oil from Australia (230 picograms per gram of oil), the highest - in Czech (14 picograms per gram). English doctors have discovered a new disease: information fatigue syndrome. It attacks those who watch too much TV news, read newspapers and surf the Internet. British doctors tested the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment of allergic asthma in an experiment. In 242 patients, homeopathic pills were shown to help no more than pure sugar pills. English metallurgists have developed an electrochemical method for producing titanium, which is seven times more productive than the conventional method and will reduce the cost of the metal by three times. English meteorologists from the University of Sunderland took up the study of ship's logs of English navigators from 1750-1850. Since captains and navigators recorded daily weather data, this storehouse of information will reveal much about the climate of the oceans in those years when there were no weather satellites, no weather ships, no automatic floating weather stations. British gunsmiths demonstrated the first sample of a plastic tank. It is 10 percent lighter than the same with steel armor, and therefore its speed and maneuverability are higher. British statisticians published data on the number of deaths in different modes of transport from 1991 to 2000 in terms of passenger-kilometers. For every billion kilometers traveled by one passenger on an airplane, 0,02 people died, on sea and river vessels, as well as on a bus - 0,4 people, on a railway - 0,49 people, on a car - 3,1, on bicycle - 42 people, on foot - 59 and on a motorcycle - 106 people. The English biologist, Nobel laureate Francis Crick, who, together with J. Watson and M. Wilkins, discovered the structure and role of the DNA molecule, recently sold his archive for the 50s related to this discovery to the pharmaceutical company Welcom for 1,8 million pounds sterling. For DNA's 50th anniversary, in 2003, the firm will make the entire archive - 11 boxes of papers - available for reading at the public library. Perhaps it will be made public on the Internet. English law forbids the police to covertly measure the speed of cars with a radar. The presence of the device should be indicated by a sign on the side of the road, and the radar itself should be large and brightly colored. English engineer John Berland believes that he managed to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa from falling. On his advice, 900 tons of lead were laid in the foundation of the tower. According to calculations made in 1993, the tower was supposed to fall no later than 2050. English Tax Law is 10 volumes with a total of 9521 pages. The British intend to recycle polymer bottles from carbonated drinks into plastic railway sleepers. Each sleeper will take 1000 bottles.
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