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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Another 12 varieties of genetically modified plants are allowed to be imported into the countries of the European Community: 10 varieties intended for human or animal nutrition, and two varieties of flowers. In total, 70 varieties of plants with modified genes are now allowed in Europe. The UK intends to close all its coal-fired power plants by 2025, replacing them with nuclear power plants. An attempt to replicate the results of one hundred scientific papers on psychology published in three leading journals showed that in more than half of the cases it is not possible to reproduce the results. From 1998 to 2015, the population of giraffes in Africa decreased from 140 thousand to 96,7 thousand. This is associated with poaching and loss of habitual habitat. But the species is not considered endangered. On June 7, 2017, for the first time in the UK, a case was noted when more than half (50,7%) of the energy needed by the country was provided by environmentally friendly sources - wind, sun and water. The last time in the history of the Earth, the average temperature of the surface waters of the oceans was as high as today, only 150 thousand years ago, according to climatologists from the University of Oregon (USA). But many coastal areas, land now, then were flooded. In 2008, humanity crossed an important boundary: for the first time in history, most people began to live in cities. And it is projected that 30 billion more people will move to cities in the next 2 years. Of the garbage that enters the seas and oceans, 15% float on the surface, another 15% are suspended in the water column, and 70% gradually sink to the bottom. Italian anthropologists calculated from 13 traces of Australopithecus afarensis recently found in Tanzania that the height of this early human ancestor was 105 cm, the weight was only 46 kg, and the size of the foot corresponded to 42 shoe sizes. The North Star has more than 40 names in different star catalogs and different star designation systems. Germany lacks about 35 engineers. Only a tenth of the surveyed schoolchildren dream of acquiring engineering specialties. According to the World Health Organization, one third of the world's population is sick with tuberculosis or is a carrier of its bacteria. In India, every minute someone dies from tuberculosis. Studies conducted by French and German oceanologists in the rivers of Europe, as well as in the North and Baltic Seas, showed that the fish are getting smaller. The average weight of some species has fallen by half ... The Indian caste system is first mentioned in the Rigveda, which was written over 3500 years ago. A recent study showed that due to centuries of exclusively intra-caste marriages, DNA differences have developed between these isolated groups. Almost three-quarters of the Earth's surface does not belong to any country - these are the oceans and Antarctica. American oceanographers, using satellite images, have established that the bottom of the Pacific Ocean is dotted with thousands of mountains 1-2 km high. As biochemists from Princeton University (USA) have shown, microbes living in the human body and on its skin synthesize 44 low molecular weight compounds, many of which are useful for us. Australian physicists, depositing phosphorus atoms on a silicon plate, created a four-atom-thick wire. It conducts current well and can serve as an element of new generation microcircuits. According to the calculations of experts from the international organization Club of Rome, the world economy is now generally unprofitable: the profit from industrial production and agriculture is less than the losses from the destruction of nature. The wheat genome is about five times larger than the human one: it has 107 genes, and humans have about 24 protein-coding genes. The fact is that modern wheat is the result of the hybridization of several wild species. Over the past 25 years, 1,6 million tons of plastic waste have been brought to Chinese ports from around the world. In January, China banned the import of almost all plastic waste and unsorted waste paper. According to the University of San Francisco (USA), those who sleep more than seven hours a night lower their chances of getting a cold four times compared to those who sleep six hours or less. The European Commission (the highest body of the European Union) has allocated 1,9 billion euros to the international Human Brain program, which aims to create a digital model of the human brain. The ancestor of all penguins appeared at the South Pole about 12 million years ago, Australian paleontologists say. It soon got colder, and the birds dispersed to the outskirts of Antarctica, where it is still a little warmer. According to the calculations of German climatologists, if by 2100 the average global temperature rises by two degrees Celsius, then one fifth of humanity will suffer from permanent drought. More than 98% of all microprocessors in the world now work not in computers, but in other devices: telephones, photo and video cameras, washing machines, cars, airplanes, medical equipment... Based on satellite imagery, the Arctic ice cap shrank by 1980% between 2012 and 40. After the Fukushima disaster, the Japanese government decided to close all 2040 nuclear reactors in the country by 54. But how to compensate for 50 gigawatts of power is not yet clear. In total, 23 nuclear power plants in the world are located in tsunami-prone areas. According to Canadian biologists, about 86% of the species of living beings have not yet been discovered. In the seas and oceans, their share exceeds 90%. German researchers have found about 600 compounds in chocolate that together make up its flavor. Among these components, there are those that smell not at all of chocolate, but, for example, of boiled meat, cucumbers, peaches, potato chips, and even sweat. The UN projection of the human population by 2100 has been reduced from 12 billion to 10,9 billion: the growth of the world's population has slowed down a bit. Physicists at Yale University (USA) have cooled a strontium fluoride molecule with a laser to a record low temperature - only 2,5 thousandth of a degree Celsius above absolute zero. The total area of all glaciers on our planet (excluding the subpolar ones in Greenland and Antarctica) is 730 thousand square kilometers. During the recent first world census of glaciers, they counted about 200 thousand. There are five types of viruses most commonly found in swimming pools around the world (in descending order of frequency): norovirus, which causes indigestion; two types of adenoviruses (indigestion and conjunctivitis); echovirus (same) and hepatitis A virus. In a newborn child, 87% of the total energy of the body goes to the growth and maintenance of the brain, in a five-year-old - 44%. Advances in military technology do not shorten the duration of wars. This conclusion was reached by historians from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. After analyzing the military clashes in the world between 1817 and 1992, they found that the duration of wars does not depend on the weapons used, although they are being improved every year. Not Silicon Valley at all, but Taiwan is the computer capital of the world. More than 50% of all computer chips, 70% of displays and 90% of laptops are produced on this island. There are more machines on the Internet than people. More than half (51%) of mailings are generated by special programs without human intervention. Basically it's spam. A modern dishwasher has more computing power than the on-board computer of the Apollo 11 spacecraft that put humans on the moon in 1969. Antioxidants do not slow down aging. Prunes do not normalize bowel function. Lutein does not improve vision. Chewing gum without sugar does not prevent cavities. Yogurt does not improve immunity. This is the conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority. After analyzing more than a thousand advertising claims, the agency refuted 80% of them. Compared to 1889, today professional sea fishermen have to expend 17 times more effort to catch the same number of fish. According to French psychologists, the minimum number of dreams per night is five. In a lifetime, we manage to view about a hundred thousand dreams. 80% of dreams are associated with negative emotions. Genetic analyzes of 24 samples of hair and droppings kept in Tibetan monasteries as relics of yeti (Bigfoot) showed that all of these samples belong to animals, mainly bears. The Chinese authorities intend to require athletes applying for participation in the 2022 Olympic Games, which will be held in China, to undergo genome sequencing. The goal is to identify genetic features that give unfair advantages to contestants. The most extensive star catalog USNO-B1.0 includes 1 celestial objects. According to astronomers, this is only 042% of the stars existing in the Universe. When a method for analyzing DNA traces left at crime scenes emerged in 1985, at least 500 nanograms of DNA was required to identify their owner. Now 0,1 nanogram is enough for this. This amount of DNA remains in any fingerprint. Of the 3540 species of mosquitoes known in the world, 780 have adapted to modern insecticides. According to long-term data from the Voyager space probes and the Hubble Space Telescope, it was possible to establish the length of the day on Neptune: 15 hours 57 minutes 59 seconds. Climatologists from the University of Chicago (USA) have calculated that if humanity stopped burning fossil fuels now, the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere would return to the level that it was before the start of the industrial revolution, only after a few hundred thousand years. 2011 marks an interesting anniversary: Neptune has completed its first orbit around the Sun since the planet was discovered 165 years ago.
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