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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
By asking 5-10-year-olds about their earliest memories, American psychologists have concluded that memory begins to weaken at the age of seven. Memories of what was before the age of three are lost. If urgent measures are not taken, by 2030 the shortage of fresh water on our planet will be 40% - UN experts warn. It is estimated that bats, by destroying insect pests, save farmers around the world a billion dollars a year that would have to be spent on insecticides. If the countries of the world did not comply with the measures to protect the ozone layer in the atmosphere, adopted in 1987, the ozone hole would now be 40% larger and would go beyond Antarctica. According to English entomologists, from 1851 to 1986, 19 species of wild bees that pollinated plants died out in Britain, and at least four more species have not been observed in nature for a long time and may also have become extinct. 80% of the population of our planet cannot see the starry sky due to the bright night illumination of streets and roads. In Europe and North America, this is 99% of the population. By observing the behavior of more than 1600 wild boars in the Czech Republic, biologists have noticed that wild boars like to be located along the north-south axis. So the list of animals oriented by the magnetic needle has been supplemented with one more species. In two burials more than 2000 years old - in Tibet and in northern China - the remains of tea leaves were found. This is the oldest evidence of tea drinking today. Since it does not grow in these areas, the finds speak of an already developed tea trading system at that time. Examining 50 houses in the town of Reilly, North Carolina (USA), entomologists found 579 species of spiders, ticks, beetles, flies, ants and other arthropods, and an average of 100 species per house. Some of them live with a person constantly, others fly in or crawl from the street. According to an international group of astronomers, there are at least 20 Earth-like planets in our Galaxy. To give 30 liters of milk per day, a thoroughbred cow drinks 80-100 liters of water and eats 60-80 kg of feed. The tallest tree in Africa was found by German botanists on the highest mountain of the continent - Kilimanjaro. The height of Entandrophragma excelsum is 81,5 m. In the 2600th century, 300 varieties of pears were grown in the United States, today there are less than XNUMX. There are three light-sensitive pigments in the human eye, which allows us to see the environment in three colors and their mixtures. In the eyes of 12 species of dragonflies, the Japanese biologist Ryo Futahashi counted from 11 to 30 different pigments, which greatly enriches their picture of the world. A study conducted in Sweden showed that crime is higher not only in the poor sections of society, but also among the children of those poor people who have already become rich by the time their offspring are born. A new mineral, consisting of chromium and nitrogen, was found in meteorites that fell in Antarctica. In honor of the Danish beer company that funded the research, the mineral was named carlsbergite. Carlsbergite crystals formed at very high temperatures in the presence of ammonia. Until now, it was believed that all giraffes belong to the same species. Gene analysis conducted by German biologists has shown that there are actually four types of giraffes. According to economists' forecasts, in the United States in 10-20 years, robots and machines can replace people in 47% of professions. In particular, the advent of driverless cars could free almost 1,7 million truckers from work. At the end of 2016, one second was once again added to the world clock, as atomic clocks are more accurate than the rotation of the Earth. Since 1972, 26 seconds have been added this way. If this is not done, by the year 2100 our clocks will diverge from the movement of the Sun by 2-3 minutes, and by the year 2700 - by as much as half an hour. Between 2009 and 2016, the number of elephants in Tanzania fell from 109 to 43. The five countries with the most active artificial satellites are the United States (445), Russia (115), China (110), Luxembourg (92) and Japan (55). Communications satellites dominate. From 1870 to 2001, the number of armed conflicts in the world increased by 2% annually. According to ethnologists, there are more than a hundred tribes in the world that refuse to contact modern civilization. An economical night lighting system has been introduced on the campus of the Technological University in Delft (Holland): street lights are equipped with motion sensors, and if there is no one on the street, the brightness of the lights is reduced by 80%. Insect biomass is estimated to be about a third of the weight of all life on Earth. Each of us has 200 million insects. More than 90% of the world's school-age children now attend at least primary school, according to UNESCO. Since the beginning of the XNUMXst century, the number of children without a chance for an education has halved. Great Britain has banned on its territory any sale and resale of ivory products, regardless of the time of their manufacture. Violators face up to five years in prison. In different countries, about 2000 species of insects are used as food for humans. Oceanologists have noticed that the Gulf Stream has slowed down by 15%. This is attributed to global warming: the difference in the temperature of ocean water in the north and near the equator has decreased. One of the Canadian analytical services believes that the world now needs about 22 artificial intelligence specialists. In the US alone, their deficit in the labor market is 10 people. Experts from the Institute for Biological Research in La Jolla (USA) estimate the capacity of the human brain to be at least 1 petabyte, that is, a million gigabytes. German physicists were able to cool water down to -42,55°C without turning it into ice. Every year in the world, from 6000 to 24 people die from lightning strikes, receive burns and other injuries - 000 times more. An analysis of several thousand scientific articles in various disciplines showed that the results of the authors can be reproduced in another laboratory only in 40% of cases. About 130 thousand varieties of rice are known in the world. According to a new law adopted in Germany, since January 2005, electricity bills sent to an apartment indicate what part of the consumed energy is generated by nuclear power plants, which by coal-fired or gas-fired thermal power plants, and which by hydroelectric power stations or wind turbines. In addition, it is noted how much carbon dioxide was released into the atmosphere and how much nuclear waste appeared as a result of the energy supply to your apartment. Brazilian scientists have developed a painkiller based on rattlesnake venom that is 600 times more effective than morphine. In addition, the snake drug is not addictive. Smoking among teenagers is most common in Greenland. Here, 52,5% of fifteen-year-old boys and 53,6% of girls smoke. According to German statistics, the average German spends about an hour and a half on the road every day. The main reason forcing him to leave the house (46% of cases) is shopping and other household chores. Professional activity (travel to work) - only 27% of exits from home. As a means of transport in this case, personal motor crews predominate - a car, a motorcycle, a motor scooter, a moped (78% for men and 69% for women). Only 13% of men and 18% of women use public transport to travel to work. The rest of the respondents walk to work. The leading country in the introduction of digital television is England. Here, 53% of households have already switched to digital TV sets. China intends to stop analogue TV broadcasting for the 2008 Olympics, which will be held in Beijing. Container taxi appeared in Hamburg (Germany). One of the transport companies organized the transportation of cargo containers from the port within the city on a converted lighter. One ship trip replaces up to 50 truck trips, and since there are many canals in Hamburg, roads and streets are freed from traffic jams. Mont Blanc has lost 15,5 meters in height: due to global warming, a thick layer of ice and snow on the top has melted. By 2050, Denmark intends to receive all the electricity it needs from renewable sources. The modern European has an average of 2,5% Neanderthal genes. DNA analysis of 13 groups of gypsies from all over Europe showed that the gypsies come from the north-west of India and came out of there about one and a half thousand years ago. This result is consistent with previous linguistic studies. For a hundred years, the average height of a European has increased by 11 cm. This applies only to men: there is no data on changes in the height of women, since they are not drafted into the army. Astronomers working at an observatory in Chile have discovered the star HIP 250, 102152 light-years from Earth in the constellation Capricornus, very similar to the Sun, but almost twice as old as it. Looking at it, you can find out the future of our star. Some genes inherited by modern humans from Neanderthals enhance our immunity against viruses. According to American astrophysicists, when neutron stars collide, lead, gold, platinum, uranium and other heavy elements are formed. China is planning to build a super-large collider, where the energy of particle collisions will be seven times higher than in Europe. The construction of the ring tunnel may begin in 2020.
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