Alcohol varnishes. simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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Alcohol varnishes. Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes

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К alcohol varnishes include solutions of resins in alcohol or in a mixture of other solvents, the predominant part of which is alcohol. Varnishes prepared only with alcohol give a brittle film. To reduce their brittleness and fragility, turpentine, elemi resin, linseed acid, camphor, camphor oil, castor oil and various other soft resins are added to alcohol varnishes. A large excess of these impurities is harmful, as the varnish will not dry well.

Alcohol varnishes are mainly used for interior work, where there are no sharp fluctuations in temperature, the action of water and dampness. They are mainly used for polishing and varnishing wood, metals, paper, leather, glass, straw (baskets, hats), musical instruments and other purposes.

The following are used as resins for the preparation of alcohol varnishes: various varieties of shellac, artificial shellac, various soluble artificial resins (bakelite, rubberite, carbolite, etc.), sandarak, akaroid, mastic, elemi, etc.

In order for the alcohol varnish to be harder and more firmly connected to the metal surface, sometimes up to one percent of boric acid is added to varnishes intended for varnishing metal products. Alcohol varnishes can be painted in any color with alcohol-soluble aniline paints.

The dissolution of resins in alcohol in small quantities is carried out in glassware. An appropriate amount of alcohol is poured into the bottle, the resin is added and shaken until completely dissolved. Alcohol is used for varnishes of a fortress of 90-95 °, for varnishes - 85-95 °. To dissolve large quantities, wooden utensils (barrels and tubs) are used, as well as metal enameled or tinned. The resin for dissolution is treated in a boiler with alcohol (95 ° denatured alcohol), which is poured 5-8 cm above the resin level.

If the varnishes are thick, the resin is added in two portions. With vigorous stirring, the resin dissolves quickly. If part of the resin is lumped together, then it must be broken up with a mixer. It is useful to mix well-ground resins with quartz or glass powder before dissolving. After dissolving the resin, preheated substances are added to give the resin elasticity. Then mix thoroughly and cover the boiler; allow a day to settle, after which the solution is filtered through a cloth.

To dissolve resins that are insoluble in one alcohol, other solvents are added, most often wood alcohol, acetone, amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, and others. The amount of resin in alcohol varnishes ranges from 20 to 50%, depending on the purpose of the varnishes. In practice, ready-made alcohol solutions of various resins are usually kept, and various types of varnishes are obtained by mixing various ready-made solutions with the addition of the necessary additives. With this method, there is no need for filtration, since, with prolonged storage of the resin solution, the cloudy parts settle to the bottom, as a result of which it is possible to use the settled clear solution.

All resins used to prepare alcohol varnishes are dissolved in the form in which they are commercially available, with the exception of copal and amber, which are pre-treated before dissolving in alcohol. Copal is heated for 2-3 hours at a temperature of 120-150 °C to remove water and essential oils. Heated copal is dissolved in heated alcohol with the addition of a small amount of rosin. A large amount of rosin deteriorates the quality of the varnish, as it slows down its drying. Amber is usually crushed and melted with a small amount of turpentine, after which a solvent is added. All other resins dissolve easily in alcohol with low heat, and some even in the cold. Thorough stirring promotes dissolution.

The quality of the varnish is judged by the cover it forms; A good varnish gives the cover a hard, elastic and shiny finish. Leather varnishes should be soft and flexible; photographic varnishes must have considerable hardness and elasticity. From metal varnishes require great hardness.

Hard resins (hard copal, amber, shellac) give hard, shiny, but very brittle varnishes. The least durable varnishes are obtained by dissolving shellac or copal in alcohol. Their lacquer covers easily burst. In general, hardness is associated with high brittleness. To reduce brittleness, the soft resins mentioned above are added to such varnishes, which impart flexibility to the varnishes. Sometimes a little castor oil or kopay balsam is added to concentrated resin solutions. In addition to turpentine and castor oil, camphor is also added to photographic varnishes to reduce brittleness.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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