Light machine on the chip KR1533IR22. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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Automated models and toys with switching multi-colored LEDs are beautiful, visual and invariably enjoy great success with beginner radio amateurs and in circles of children's technical creativity. Below is another similar design.

The proposed toy is intended for use mainly in an electrified desktop model of a children's railway, a city intersection or a toy Lunopark. During its development, the goal was set: to create, with a minimum expenditure of resources and labor of young skillful hands, within the limits of children's patience and perseverance, such a design that, together with other working mechanisms, would invariably please and inspire girls and boys to engage in technical creativity.

The main part of the homemade product is the widespread digital TTLSh chip KR1533IR22 - an eight-bit register based on D-triggers with latches and with three output states, one of which is high-impedance - when all outputs of this IC are transferred to a state of high output resistance. (Import analogue - SN74ALS373).

This chip makes it relatively easy to build on it an automatic sequential ignition and extinguishing of LEDs and / or incandescent lamps, using a small set of parts and having only basic knowledge of digital microcircuits in your life baggage (Fig. 1).

The supply voltage of the node on the digital microcircuit is stabilized by the integral stabilizer DA1 at a level of +5 V. After the supply voltage is applied, the time-setting capacitors C1 - C8 and C9 are discharged, therefore, at all outputs of powerful repeaters DD1.1-DD1.8, logical 0 - double-crystal LEDs HL1- HL4 (and incandescent lamps EL1-EL16 do not light).

Gradually, through the resistors R1 and R18, the capacitor C1 is charged, approximately 0,7 s. It is charged so much that the repeater DD1.1 switches from a low logic level to a high one, a log 1.1 appears at the output of DD1 (due to the fact that the clock output 11 of the IC is connected to + Upit). LED HL1 starts to glow red. From this moment, capacitor C2 starts charging through resistor R2, and after about 0,5 s DD1.2 switches from log. 0 to log. 1 - the green crystal of the HL1 LED lights up, and the LED glows yellow, since both crystals will glow at the same time.

The high load capacity of this microcircuit allows you to connect LEDs to it through current-limiting resistors without matching transistors. At the moments of color change HL1, incandescent lamps EL1, EL2, etc., are ignited in turn, if the corresponding circuits on bipolar composite npn transistors (VT2 - VT9) and incandescent lamps have already been mounted and connected by you. On fig. 1 shows only two circuits out of eight with powerful transistors and incandescent lamps.

After switching the element DD1.2 to the state of the log. 1 capacitor C3 is charged through resistor R3. After 0,5 s, a log appears at the output of DD1.3. 1, the "red" crystal of the HL2 LED lights up, after another 0,5 s from the state of the log. 0 to log. 1 switches DD1.4 and the HL2 LED is already shining yellow.

As a result, from the moment the supply voltage is applied to the device, each of the HL1-HL4 LEDs alternately lights up first in red, then in yellow (yellow-green) color, from the first to the fourth, until all four LEDs glow in golden or green color. If the satellite node is mounted and connected to powerful transistors VT2-VT9 and incandescent lamps E L1 -E L16, then at this time all the lamps will light up.

After all inputs and outputs DD1.1 - DD1.8 are set log. 1, transistor VT1 opens. Capacitor C1 will be discharged through resistor R1 and this open transistor, after 0,5 s the "red" crystal of the HL1 LED will go out, and after the same amount of time - "green". Since the output of DD1.2 will already be a log. 0, it will be discharged through the resistor R3 and the capacitor C3. After it is discharged, DD1.3 will switch to the log. 0, the "red" crystal HL2 will go out. And then, according to the "falling domino" principle, the "red" crystal of the corresponding LED will go out first, then the "green" one, until, starting from HL1, all the LEDs go out. After that, the process of flashing the LEDs will return to the beginning of the cycle.

In other words, the LEDs light up in a wave, first the LED does not glow, then it lights up red, then yellow. After all the LEDs are lit in yellow, the extinguishing will also go in a wave. First, the LED shines yellow, then green, then completely goes out.

If, as indicated in the circuit diagram, powerful transistor switches VT2 - VT9 are installed, then with 6,3 V x 0,3 A incandescent lamps connected in series in pairs, the device will consume a maximum current of 2,7 A from the power source, for which the power supply should be designed. If the EL1-EL16 incandescent lamps are replaced by LEDs connected in series with current limiting resistors, then the power supply can be converted to a lower current. The "output" part of the light machine - the actuator on VT2-VT9, EL1 -EL16 - can be significantly modified or excluded (if two-color LEDs HL1-HL4 are enough) based on individual capabilities and needs [2]. You can install two KR1533IR22 microcircuits - by turning on their elements in series, one after the other. Accordingly, the number of two-color LEDs, timing capacitors (C1-C8, SG - C8 '), charge-coupling resistors R1-R8 doubles, and the number of current-limiting resistors for LEDs R11-R18 doubles.

The device is protected from power supply voltage reversal by a VD1 diode and a 1 A self-restoring fuse FU0,4. The diode can be taken from any of the KD209, KD243, KD208, KD226 series, and the fuse can be replaced by any fuse of 0,5 ... 1 A. Resistors can be take any of the C1-4, C2-23, C2-33, MLT or similar imported small-sized series. Oxide capacitors - K50-35 or their more reliable and small-sized imported counterparts, for example, "SLH", "Xenia", "Philips". Ceramic capacitors - K10-17, KM-5. The chip can be replaced with SN74ALS373. They are currently in short supply. The integrated stabilizer can be replaced with KR142EN5V, KIA7805PI, LM7805CT, LM7805CP, MC7805CT, MC7805C - all of them are able to work successfully in this device, are made in a similar "TO220" package and have the same pinout - "input-common-output", but different load parameters . Any of these stabilizer chips, when used in this design, needs a small heat sink with an area of ​​4...8 cm2. Do not bend the leads of such an IC near its plastic case!

Transistor VT1 can be taken from any of the KT312, KT3102, KT3012, KT645, KT201, SS9014, 2SC815, 2SC1009 series. Powerful transistors with ultra-high h21e, if necessary, can be replaced with any of the KT829, KT8111, KT8131, KT972, 2SD1564, 2N6063, 2N6064, 2SD1765 series. Pay attention to the fact that there are differences in the pinout of these types of transistors. Instead of these King-bright LEDs, you can use other similar three-pin double-chip red / green LEDs. A photograph of the device mounted on a perforated breadboard is shown in Fig. 2. With a current of connected incandescent lamps of 0,3 A, heat sinks for powerful transistors are not required.

If you use two sources of direct current with a voltage of 8 ... 12,6 V (for IC DA1) and 24 ... 42 V, then more number of incandescent lamps can be "hung" on the transistors without going beyond the current consumed by one channel at 0,3 ,XNUMX A. Light bulbs can be painted with zaponlak or purchased ready-made in a specialized store.

Literature

1. Petrovsky I., Pribylsky V., Troyan A., Chuvelev V. Logic ICs KR1533, KR1554, part 1, p. 3,140-142. -M.: "Binom", 1993.
2. Tishkunov A. Automatic lighting effects from "A" to "Z". - Circuitry, 2002, No. 3, p. 51-54.
3. Biryukov S. Automatic lighting effects. - Radio, 2001, No. 5, p. 51-54.
4. Zhgulev V. Automatic switching of eight garlands. - Radio, 1999, No. 11, p. 53, 54.

Author: A.Butov, village of Kurba, Yaroslavl region

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