Processing and finishing of sheepskins after drying. simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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Processing and finishing of sheepskins after drying. Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes

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Dried sheepskins are kneaded on a hook to give softness. An iron or wooden hook consists of the following parts: a handle, a hook, a rod, and a rope or belt loop. A ring is screwed into the wall at a height slightly higher than human height and one end of the sheepskin is tied to it with a rope. The worker takes the lower edge of the sheepskin in his left hand, pulls it back, takes the handle of the hook in his right hand, and puts the loop of the hook on his right foot, then, pulling the sheepskin with his left hand, puts the hook on the mezdrya side of it. Lowering the leg down, the worker pulls the hook down. Thus, you have to work while standing on one leg. Leading the hook in the direction from the head to the rump and back, knead the sheepskin.

Work continues until the sheepskin turns white and becomes soft. The sheepskin is wrinkled in all directions. The washed sheepskin is dried for several hours in a dryer and then proceed to the final cleaning on a wooden frame.

The frame is made from four well-planed bars. Through holes are cut in the longitudinal bars, so that the transverse bars pass freely through them. The transverse bars are fixed with nails or wooden pegs passed through the holes in the bars. The sheepskin is evenly stretched on the frame and tied with twine to the bars. By spreading the bars and fixing them, you can stretch the sheepskin so that there are no wrinkles on it.

The stretched sheepskin is rubbed with chalk powder, which must be ground and sifted through a fine sieve. Chalk is rubbed with a cloth from the side of the mezra, and the frame is placed on the table. Next, the mezra is cleaned with a knife or cycle. When working with a knife, you need to beware of making the sheepskin striped. The final finishing is made by rubbing with a soft pumice stone, which is why the sheepskin takes on a velvety fluffy look. After cleaning from the side of the mezra, they begin to comb the hair.

The comb is made with a coarse iron comb. The hair must be combed carefully so that the coat is soft and fluffy. When combing, part of the wool remains on the comb. There is especially a lot of it when fermenting. Combed wool is called "sour" and is used for making felt, felt boots and other products. The sheepskin obtained in this way is called "rawhide" and is used for sewing fur coats, sheepskin coats, etc.

Rawhide sheepskin refers to cheap varieties of sheepskins. This sheepskin is afraid of rain and after drying becomes hard and quickly deteriorates. Therefore, in order to obtain the best varieties, sheepskin is subjected to further processing - tanning.

Tanning gives sheepskin a number of valuable properties: tanned sheepskin is not afraid of dampness and rain, does not shrink, does not rot and is more durable than rawhide.

Usually rawhide sheepskins are sorted. The best sheepskin expose tanning, bad sheepskin does not make sense to tan.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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Printing of flexible electronic circuits on elastic materials and fabrics 18.04.2015

Researchers at Purdue University in the US have developed a method for printing flexible and stretchable electrical conductors on virtually any surface, including elastic materials and fabrics. The method makes it easy to master production on an industrial scale.

To apply conductive circuits to an elastic material, a group of scientists led by John William Boley, Ph.D., used a conventional inkjet printer, but instead of ink, they placed a suspension of metal particles in the cartridge.

The suspension was prepared by the destruction of "liquid metal" (liquid metal). The microparticles of the material obtained as a result of destruction were placed in ethanol, and the resulting mixture was whipped into suspension under the action of ultrasound.

“Liquid metal itself cannot be printed. So we turned it into a slurry that easily passes through the nozzles of the print head,” said Rebecca Kramer, one of the participants in the study. “And now we can apply flexible circuits to almost anything whatever."

After applying the suspension to the material, the ethanol evaporates, and only "liquid metal" particles remain on it.

However, the resulting printed circuit does not conduct current. In order for it to become conductive, it must be "activated", put pressure on it so that the particles of the "liquid metal" stick together with each other. This opens up certain possibilities for the manufacturer: he can create one circuit template and give the circuit different functionality in different products, activating only some of its sections, while leaving the rest non-conductive.

The researchers believe that the new method will make it easy to print electronic circuits on clothes and create new types of wearable devices, and will also find application in robotics - to create humanoid machines. "Conductors made from 'liquid metal' can stretch and deform without breaking," Kramer said.

The researchers did not explain how they propose to apply electronic components to elastic materials.

Going forward, the research team plans to investigate whether and how the conductance of liquid-metal flex circuits is affected by the substrate material they are applied to. And also invent a technology for automatically activating the circuit after it is printed.

We add that flexible electronics has been of interest to engineers for a long time. In 2009, scientists from the US and Germany developed a new type of semiconductor ink that can be applied to a product using a special inkjet printer.

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