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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
Waterproof fabrics and other materials. Simple recipes and tips
Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes Under watertightness refers to the property of a material to roll off liquid. The issue of imparting water-resistant properties to matter is a pressing issue because rubberizing fabrics produces uncomfortable and harmful clothing. Rubberized raincoats, suits, jackets have an unpleasant odor and, in addition, do not allow air to pass through, so the human body, enclosed in such a suit, is deprived of a certain amount of oxygen required for normal metabolism. Waterproof fabric That is why fabric processing in order to give it waterproof properties must be carried out in such a way that the material retains its porosity and ability to pass air; On the other hand, water, having got on the surface of the fabric treated in a known way, should roll off in drops without being absorbed into the material. The resistance of matter to wetting depends on the difference between the magnitude of the surface tension of said matter and the wetted liquid. To impart water-resistant properties to the material, it must be treated with a substance that has as little surface tension as possible. Examples of such substances include compounds of bases with fatty acids, oils or waxes and certain insoluble metal salts. As water repellents, oils and liquid fats by themselves cannot be used, since they make the fabric greasy, and solid fats, such as stearin, spoil the material, making it rough and tough. The most suitable raw materials are medium-soft substances, such as wax, paraffin, as well as fused mixtures of stearin, wax and fat. In addition, recently these fats have been successfully replaced with natural wool fat or lanolin. By dissolving these substances in light volatile solvents, liquid solutions are obtained, with which fabrics are impregnated, after which the solvents are evaporated by hanging the material in air. The most suitable solvents are volatile hydrocarbons, especially gasoline. The amount of waterproof substance remaining on the fabric should not be too large: it should be exactly as much as necessary to make the fabric waterproof, since excess is a harmful ballast that deteriorates the basic qualities of the fabric impregnated with it. Below we provide a number of practical recipes for making waterproof products that give waterproof properties to various fabrics and materials. Some of these funds have special purposes, but their use should not be limited to one given purpose. Experience will show which compositions are suitable for the type of material that needs to be made waterproof. Waterproof fabric or other suitable fabric can be obtained by immersing it for 8 minutes in a bath composed of 1 wt. h. fat and 9 wt. hours of gasoline. After the canvas is saturated with the composition, it is taken out, dried well and immersed in another bath, consisting of 1 wt. tsp caustic lime and 4 wt. hours of water. On another way the canvas is soaked for a day in a cold solution of chemically pure lime acetate with a strength of 5 ° Be, after which it is squeezed out and dried at 60 ° C. Then, it is placed in a soap solution consisting of 1 wt. hours of soap for 20 weight. hours of water, squeeze again and dry at 40 °C. Finally, they are immersed in the first bath a second time, squeezed out and dried. To make it waterproof tarpaulin и canvas There are a number of formulations, of which the most common are the following. 1 method: In a warm room 3 wt. Parts of finely chopped gutta-percha are carefully dissolved in 15 wt. including turpentine, benzene or carbon disulfide, and add 8 weight. parts drying oil that dries well (containing 10% driers). The material is impregnated with this composition. 2 method: Dissolve 2 wt. hours of wood glue swollen in cold water and 2 wt. parts of sound soap at 18-20 wt. hours of boiling water, after which 3 wt. is added to the solution. including alum. When all this has cooled down to 30 °C, immerse the canvas in the cooled solution, thoroughly rinsing it so that the mass of the solution saturates the material and adheres to it. The canvas is then washed with cold water, air dried and ironed. This recipe is more suitable for making waterproof canvas, which replaces tarpaulins or blankets for covering horses and livestock. 3 method: Black blankets can be made waterproof by soaking them in a composition prepared according to the following recipe:
Melt in heat and add:
After the composition has cooled, it is diluted with 5 wt. including benzene. Linen and paper fabricsand can be made waterproof by impregnating them with the following solutions. 10 g of alum are dissolved in 600 liters of hot water; Separately dissolve 25 g of soda in a bottle of water and gradually pour it into the alum solution. Both liquids should be cold when mixed. The material intended for impregnation is immersed in the resulting solution for approximately 12 hours, after which it is dried at room temperature. Next, prepare the fat emulsion: For 1 liter of water take 60 g of sound soap, 30 g of pork or beef lard and 30 g of stearin (stearin suppositories can be used). All this is cooked over a fire until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The dried material is immersed in boiling water, into which for every 10 liters of water 150 g of fat emulsion, prepared according to the above method, is added with stirring. The material is boiled in this liquid for 5-10 minutes, then it is taken out, rinsed lightly in cold water and dried. Wool fabric treated with a suspension of aluminum oxide hydrate. This method is based on the reaction between the carbonyl group of wool and alumina hydrate. The reaction occurs quickly at low temperatures and evenly over the entire area and thickness of the fabric. Fabric processed using this method is impervious to water, easily allows air to pass through, can be washed and does not lose strength. Fishing suits usually impregnated with a waterproof compound so that they are waterproof on both sides. To do this, mix:
This composition is applied to suits on both sides with a brush in three layers and left to dry for 2 weeks. Military uniforms can be made waterproof without resorting to tearing off buttons, buttonholes and braiding and without the risk of damaging the color of clothing, using a five or ten percent solution of anhydrous wool fat in gasoline or benzene. Moreover, wool fat must first be liquefied by heating with a small amount of chloroform or carbon disulfide. Instead of this highly flammable mixture, carbon tetrachloride or dichlorethylene can also be used. The clothing is dipped into this bone for a few minutes, pressed or wrung out, and finally air dried. Duffel bags can be made waterproof as follows. 500 g of casein (or cottage cheese) is mixed with continuous stirring with 1,5 liters of water and 12 g of powdered slaked lime is added, after which a warm solution of 25 g of neutral soap in 3 liters of water is added to the mixture. The material is impregnated by immersion or repeated coating with this liquid, and this composition should saturate the material well. After drying, the material is immersed in a solution of 50-60 wt. parts of alumina acetate g per 100 wt. hours of water. This solution makes lime caseinate insoluble and forms insoluble aluminum soap with alkaline soap. At the end of the above operations, the material is immersed in hot water, thoroughly dried and ironed. felted cloth can be waterproofed in the following way. Dissolve 3 wt. in one container. parts of alum in 100 wt. parts of water at 50 °C, dissolve 3 wt. in another container. hours of lead sugar also in 100 wt. hours of warm water. Both solutions are then mixed and left alone for 3-4 hours. In this case, a white precipitate of lead sulfate is formed. Then the liquid on top, which is a solution of alumina acetate, is drained from the sediment or sucked off using a siphon. Pieces of cloth intended for impregnation are left to lie in this liquid for approximately 24 hours, wrung out well and dried on drying frames. After drying, the material is placed in a second bath, heated to 50 ° C and containing 100 wt. tsp water 7 wt. including neutral soap. It is soaked well, preferably using a pressing device, then squeezed well and dried again. Straw hats can be made waterproof by the following method. To do this, cover the surface of the straw hat with a wax layer, after which a solution of cellulose ether in acetone is applied. Before applying the wax layer, you can treat the straw with a gelatin solution for greater strength. plantar skin for water resistance, soak in water, dry and coat the front side with linseed oil. Then a solution is prepared from Portland cement, borax and water and the skin is dipped into it as soon as it is dry. The skin is kept in this bath for 24 hours, after which it is dried again and coated on both sides with linseed oil. wooden utensils it is also sometimes necessary to make it waterproof. To do this, make a mixture of:
Melt and hot liquid is applied to wooden utensils. Author: Korolev V.A.
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