Water burner. Drawing, description

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Using the principle of producing hydrogen by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali, described in the magazine "Modeler-Constructor" No. 7, 1980, I decided to make a simpler and more compact apparatus, convenient for working with small parts, when soldering with hard solders. Due to the small external dimensions of the electrolyser, it will find a place even on a small desktop, and the use of a standard rectifier for recharging batteries as a power supply unit facilitates the manufacture of the unit and makes it safe to work with. Relatively small, but quite sufficient for the needs of the modeller, the performance of the device made it possible to simplify the design of the water lock to the maximum and guarantee fire and explosion safety.

For those who are unfamiliar with the previous publication, let me remind you of the electrolyzer device. Between the two boards, connected by four pins, there is a battery of steel plates-electrodes separated by rubber rings. The internal cavity of the battery is half filled with an aqueous solution of KOH or NaOH. A constant voltage applied to the plates causes the electrolysis of water and the release of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen. This mixture is discharged through a PVC pipe put on the fitting into an intermediate container, and from it into a water lock. The gas that has passed through a mixture of water and acetone placed there in a ratio of 1: 1 has the composition necessary for combustion and, diverted by another tube into the nozzle - a needle from a medical syringe, burns out at its outlet with a temperature of about 1800 ° C.

For the electrolyser boards, I used thick plexiglass. This material is easy to process, chemically resistant to the action of the electrolyte and allows you to visually control its level in order to add distilled water through the filling hole if necessary.

Plates can be made from sheet metal (stainless steel, nickel, pickled or transformer iron) with a thickness of 0,6-0,8 mm. For ease of assembly, round recesses are squeezed out in the plates for the rubber seal rings, their depth with a ring thickness of 5-6 mm should be 2-3 mm.

Rings designed to seal the internal cavity and electrically insulate the plates are cut from sheet oil and petrol resistant or acid resistant rubber. It is not difficult to do this manually, and yet the ideal tool for this is the "universal wheel cutter" described in "M-K" No. 4 for 1985.

Four M8 steel studs connecting the parts are insulated with Ø 10 mm cambric and passed through the corresponding holes Ø 11 mm.

The number of plates in the battery is 9. It is determined by the parameters of the power supply unit: its power and maximum voltage - based on 2V per plate. The current consumed depends on the number of plates involved (the fewer of them, the greater the current) and on the concentration of the alkali solution. In a more concentrated solution, the current is less, but it is better to use a 4-5% solution - it does not foam so much during electrolysis.

Electrolyzer device (click to enlarge): 1 - insulating PVC tube Ø 10 mm, 2 - M8 stud (4 pcs.), 3 - M8 nut with washer (4 pcs.), 4 - left board, 5 - plug-bolt M10 with washer, 6 - plate, 7 - rubber ring, 8 - fitting, 9 - washer, 10 - PVC tube Ø 5 mm, 11 - right board, 12 - short fitting (3 pcs.), 13 - intermediate tank, 14 - base, 15 - terminals, 16 - bubbling tube, 17 - nozzle-needle, 18 - water seal body

The contact terminals are soldered to the first and last three plates. A standard charger for car batteries VA-2, connected to 8 plates, at a voltage of 17 V and a current of about 5A, provides the necessary performance of the combustible mixture for a nozzle - a needle with an internal Ø 0,6 mm. The optimal ratio of the diameter of the nozzle needle and the performance of the electrolyzer is established empirically - so that the ignition zone of the mixture is located outside the needle. If the productivity is low or the diameter of the hole is too large, combustion will begin in the needle itself, which will quickly heat up and melt from this.

A reliable barrier against the spread of flame through the supply tube inside the electrolyzer is the simplest water lock, which is made from two empty cartridges for refilling gas lighters. Their advantages are the same as those of the board material: ease of machining, chemical resistance and translucency, which allows you to control the liquid level in the water seal. The intermediate tank eliminates the possibility of mixing the electrolyte and the composition of the water seal in intensive operation modes or under the action of a vacuum that occurs when the power is turned off. And in order to avoid this for sure, at the end of work, you should immediately disconnect the tube from the electrolyzer. The fittings of the containers are made of copper tubes Ø 4 and 6 mm, they are installed in the upper wall of the cans on the thread. Through them, the composition of the water seal is filled and the condensate is drained from the separation tank. An excellent funnel for this will come from another empty can, cut in half and with a thin tube installed in place of the valve.

Connect the electrolyser with an intermediate tank with a short PVC tube Ø 5 mm, the latter with a water lock, and its outlet fitting with a longer tube with a needle nozzle. Turn on the rectifier, adjust the voltage or the number of connected plates to the rated current and ignite the gas coming out of the nozzle.

If you need more performance - increase the number of plates and use a more powerful power supply - with a LATR and a simple rectifier. The flame temperature is also amenable to some adjustment by the composition of the water seal. When it contains only water, the mixture contains a lot of oxygen, which in some cases is undesirable. By pouring methyl alcohol into the water lock, the mixture can be enriched and the temperature raised to 2600 ° C. To reduce the flame temperature, the water lock is filled with a mixture of acetone and water in a ratio of 1:1. However, in the latter cases, one should not forget to replenish the contents of the water seal.

Author: Yu.Orlov

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